Road Traffic Law prescribes that no person shall drive any vehicle under the influence of intoxicating liquor. Actually, determination of "influence of alcohol" is based on the standard set by the Cabinet Order that alcohol level exceeds 0.5 mg/ml of blood or 0.25 mg/l of expiration. In 1988, number of traffic accidents by drunken driving is 4,808 cases. Among the accidents by drunken driving t...

A driving cycle is a representation of how vehicles are driven and is usually represented by a set of data points of vehicle speed versus time. Driving cycles have been used to evaluate vehicles for a long time. A traditional usage of driving cycles have been in certification test procedures where the exhaust gas emissions from the vehicles need to comply with legislation. Driving cycles are no...

Rodents use rhythmic vibrissae movements to sense the environment. It is currently unclear whether intrinsic activity in the vibrissa motor cortex (vMI) is capable of driving vibrissa movements on a cycle-by-cycle basis. Disinhibition of vMI results in the occurrence of spontaneous 5- to 15-Hz synchronized oscillations. In behaving rats, this synchronous resonance of vMI is shown here to drive ...

The European Commission is examining test procedures to ensure that light-duty vehicle emissions are well controlled both in real use and over the legislative test cycle. At the same time, the UN Working Party on Pollution and Energy (GRPE) has developed a Worldwide harmonised Light vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP) that is expected to be used for Type Approval in the EU in the future. To identify...

the primary objective of this work is to introduce a gear ratio selection strategy for a cvt equipped vehicle and show its effectiveness on the fuel consumption reduction. afuzzy control algorithm is designed for this purpose. anonlinear model is developed for simulating the longitudinal vehicle dynamics with accelerator pedal applied by the driver as an input. in order that pedal input values ...

Driving cycles are an important input for state-of-the-art vehicle emission models. Development of a driving cycle requires second-by-second vehicle speed for a representative set of vehicles. Current practice is to use standard driving cycles, like HWFET or SFTP-US06, however, these driving cycles reflect small samples of vehicles, do not reflect varying conditions by time of day, by vehicle t...

This paper presents an evaluation of battery requirements for hybrid and electric city buses. Technical specifications of recently developed lithium based batteries and vehicle simulation results are used as basis for the evaluation. The battery requirements are evaluated in terms of power and energy capacity, calendar and cycle life as well as costs. Conventional diesel, parallel and series hy...

Were mitochondrial contractions driving the cellular energy cycle? o, but Charles Hackenbrock's thesis work so elegantly supported the hypothesis—that a mechanochemical mechanism coupled electron transport to ATP synthe-sis—that it was cited almost 600 times as evidence. It earned him speaking invitations all over the US and Europe, and an assistant professorship at Johns Hopkins University (Ba...