This work considers a power control algorithm for cellular communications systems in which a user’s link quality objective, as measured by signal to interference ratio (SIR), varies with its transmitter power. In particular, as increased interference or reduced uplink gain leads a mobile to raise its transmitter power, that mobile lowers its SIR target. In this way, the likelihood of an infeasi...

BACKGROUND Adeno-/tonsillectomy is a commonly performed procedure with internationally standardised and recognised indications. Despite this, there exists considerable international (190 - 850/100 000 people ≤19 years of age) and regional variation in rates. This cannot be accounted for by differences in clinical need or regional morbidity. OBJECTIVES To describe the adeno-/tonsillectomy rate...

This paper describes the relationship between school trajectory and incidence of teenage pregnancy. A cross-sectional residence-based questionnaire was applied, interviewing 4,634 youth ages 18 to 24 years, selected through a stratified three-stage sample. For the present study, young people ages 20 to 24 years (65.6%) were chosen, with teenage pregnancy rates of 29.5% for females and 21.4% for...

The successful operation of the present Internet depends mainly upon TCP/IP which employs end-to-end congestion control mechanisms built in the end hosts. In order to further enhance this paradigm of end-to-end control the Random Early Detection algorithm has been proposed, which starts to mark or drop packets at the onset of congestion. The paper addresses issues related to the choice of queue...

Among various types of denial of service attacks, “dropping attack” is probably the most difficult one to handle. This paper explores the negative impacts of packet dropping attacks and a method to detect such attacks. First, three dropping patterns are classified and investigated. We demonstrate that attackers can choose different dropping patterns to degrade TCP service to different levels, a...

BACKGROUND Ovarian tissue cryopreservation may be a potential method of preserving fertility in women who have experienced gonadotoxic treatments. To improve the efficiency of existing cryopreservation, we developed a practical and convenient vitrification method named needle immersed vitrification (NIV), which required a less concentrated and minimum volume of vitrification solution. METHODS...

Ergodic properties and asymptotic stationarity are investigated in this paper for the pseudo-covariance matrix (PCM) of a recursive state estimator which is robust against parametric uncertainties and is based on plant output measurements that may be randomly dropped. When the measurement dropping process is described by a Markov chain and the modified plant is both controllable and observable,...