this paper presents mathematical models of thin layer forced convection solar drying of cuminum cyminum using two drying methods (mixed and indirect) at different operating conditions. the average initial moisture content of the seeds for all tests was about 43% d.b. and the drying was performed continuously, in each test, for a uniform period of 90 minutes drying time in a solar cabinet dryer ...

inject liquid formulation technology (1), the need arose for a process whereby large quantities of highly polished spherical glass microspheres of known density could be manufactured. The process needed to be inexpensive, scalable, GMP-compliant and capable of sterile manufacture for parenteral drugs. Methods such as emulsion drying, freeze drying and spray-freeze drying were all investigated, ...

Gelatin is a natural amphiphilic biopolymer that widely used in food products, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. We studied the effect of spray freeze drying on solubility amphiphilicity gelatin samples.
 The control sample was commercially produced edible gelatin. experimental samples were spray- freeze-dried gelatins obtained by enzymatic-acid hydrolysis cattle bone. Amino acid sequences d...

Water-insoluble (particulate) β-glucan was isolated from the cell walls of spent brewer’s yeast using a single-step alkaline treatment. To stabilize β-glucan water suspensions, sonication was successfully applied. Th ree diff erent drying methods were used: air-drying, lyophilization and spray-drying. Air-drying and lyophilization caused β-glucan particles agglomeration and changes of their mic...

Background: Sodium caseinate is a rich source of protein and minerals originating from animals. Numerous food and non-food products are made from sodium caseinate. The present study investigated the chemical components (moisture, crude protein, ash, and soluble crude protein) of sodium caseinate prepared by different acids and drying techniques. Methods: A completely randomized factorial desig...

The influence of granulometric properties of the material and of the operational conditions on the drying kinetics of nonhygroscopic material was studied. Four fraction sizes of dolomite were chosen and dried in four dryers by different heating methods. Dolomite was dried in a microwave dryer under different microwave heating powers. During convective drying the effects of temperature and super...

in this article we review the application and procedures involved in scanning electron microscope (sem) to observe biological and live tissues through using sem at high resolution. we discuss practical methods for optimizing tissue preservation to achieve the two principal goals of biological specimen preparation: (a) preserving biological structures as close to their living configuration as po...

In this study, the antibacterial effect was evaluated to determine the benefits of high speed drying (HSD) and far-infrared radiation drying (FIR) compared to the freeze drying (FD) method. Citrus press-cakes (CPCs) are released as a by-product in the citrus processing industry. Previous studies have shown that the HSD and FIR drying methods are much more economical for drying time and mass dry...