Oxidants are formed at the surface of Europa and may be delivered to the subsurface ocean, possibly in great quantities. Whether these substances would be available for biological metabolism is uncertain, because they may react with sulfides and other compounds to generate sulfuric and other acids. If this process has been active on Europa for much of its age, then not only would it rob the oce...

conclusions in humans, rhodotorula species have been recovered as commensal organisms from the nails, the skin, and the respiratory, gastrointestinal (gi), and urinary tracts. due to their presence in the gi flora, broad-spectrum antibiotics could contribute to their overgrowth in the gi tract. localized infections, such as peritonitis, due to rhodotorula species following infected peritoneal d...

We examined the effect of the glutamatergic agonist kainate on the membrane potential, the intracellular Na+ concentration ([Na+]i), the intracellular-free Ca2+ concentration, and on the intracellular pH of Retzius neurons of the medicinal leech, Hirudo medicinalis, in order to investigate the mechanism responsible for the intracellular acidification caused by glutamatergic stimulation. The rec...

Introduction Experimental trials were recently conducted at the InterAmerican Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC) Achotines Laboratory in Panama to investigate the potential impacts of ocean acidification on the early life history stages of Thunnus albacares (yellowfin tuna). With analyses of data collected from the trials expected to be completed soon, the following article describes the growing ...

TO THE EDITOR: Using enteroids grown from crypts obtained from cystic fibrosis transmembrane receptor (CFTR) transgenic mice, Walker et al. (8) measured intracellular pH (pHi) regulation using a standard fluorescent dye-loading methodology. Based on results, the authors concluded that crypts originating in CFTR mice had elevated resting pHi and resistance to acidification. The authors stated th...

bicarbonate response to various acids in duodenum of the dog. Amer. J. Physiol., 219,964-970. Mfeyer, J. H., Way, L. W., and Grossman, M. I. (1970b). Pancreatic response to acidification of various lengths of proximal intestine in the dog. Amer. J. Physiol., 219, 971-977. Novis, B. H., Bank, S., and Marks, I. N. (1971). The cephalic phase of pancreatic secretion in man. Scand. J. Gastroent., 6,...

Abnormalities of duodenal motility have been described in patients with duodenal ulcer and in experimental ulcers in rats and it has been postulated that they could be pathogenic in peptic ulcer disease. We have investigated with an isotopic technique whether duodenal bulb clearance or duodenal transit are abnormal in duodenal ulcer. Six patients with inactive and six with active duodenal ulcer...

background foreign body ingestion is a relatively common in children. most ingested foreign bodies spontaneously pass out of the body via the gastrointestinal (gi) system but sharp materials may perforate the gi tract and need to surgical intervention. case presentation  the patient was a 9-year-old girl with progressive abdominal pain for one month and admitted with acute abdomen impression. s...