This study introduced at first the background of numerous highway widening projects that have been developed in recent years in China. Using a large ground settlement simulator and a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) strain sensor network system, a large-scale model test, with a similarity ratio of 1:2, was performed to analyze the influence of differential settlement between new and old subgrades on p...

Although the Google Books Settlement has been criticized as anticompetitive, I conclude that this critique is mistaken. For out-of-copyright books, the settlement procompetitively expands output by clarifying which books are in the public domain and making them digitally available for free. For claimed in-copyright books, the settlement procompetitively expands output by clarifying who holds th...

INTRODUCTION ................................................................................... 491 I. THE GENESIS OF THE PROPOSED GOOGLE BOOK SETTLEMENT ............................................................................ 492 II. MIXED REACTIONS TO THE PSA ............................................ 494 III. ACADEMIC AUTHOR OBJECTIONS TO THE PASA ................ 497 A. The Authors G...

Settlement of kelp-associated organisms may vary as they are delivered to (and through) giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) forests, with implications for local population dynamics and community structure. Previous work suggests that settlement of invertebrates with long pelagic durations would be reduced as they move from an offshore environment toward the interior of kelp forests due to dampene...

Under a real-time gross settlement (RTGS) system, there is an incentive for system participants to delay making their outgoing payments to facilitate their funding, and this creates the risk of settlement delays spreading throughout the entire system. Intraday credit facility and market practices have been established to avoid the risk and led to settlement concentration in the morning, as well...

Rural China has experienced rapid urbanization and industrialization, accompanied with rural–urban migration since 1978. This tremendous transition has caused a series of negative consequences, necessitating a spatial-territorial reorganization of rural settlements. Previous studies on the restructuring of rural settlements are insufficient for inter-settlement connection consideration and prac...

s: We conducted field surveys to monitor the population dynamics of short-neck clam, Ruditapes philippinarum, in Hichirippu Lagoon, in eastern Hokkaido, Japan, focussing on the negative impact of extremely low temperatures during the winter on juveniles in the post-settlement period. The clam population had a short annual breeding season between September and November. The newly settled juvenil...

Exchanges and other trading platforms are often vertically integrated to carry out trading, clearing and settlement as one operation. We show that such vertical silos can prevent efficiency gains from horizontal consolidation of trading and settlement platforms to be realized. Independent of the gains from such consolidation, when costs of settlement are private information, there is no mechani...