purpose: to evaluate the efficacy of subtenon injection of botulinum toxin a (dysport) in acute 6th nerve palsy. methods: this randomized clinical trial was performed on 28 patients with 6th nerve palsy of less than 3 months’ duration without history of extraocular muscles abnormality. ophthalmic examinations included visual acuity, degree of eye deviation, slitlamp biomicroscopy and funduscopy...

Botulinum toxin (BoNT), being one of the most toxic substances known to mankind, due its unique mechanism action is used as an effective treatment for many diseases, including strabismus, blepharospasm, and hemifacial spasm. BoNT has received particular use a long-acting analgesic ability inhibit exocytosis pain neuropeptides, CGRP, Substance P, modulate expression pain-related receptors TRPV1,...

BACKGROUND Body odor is a ubiquitous phenomenon. It is commonly attributed to sweating and noted explicitly in the axillary area. Botulinum toxin A has recently been shown to be effective for axillary hyperhidrosis. Its effect on axillary odor, however, is unknown. OBSERVATIONS Sixteen healthy volunteers were injected with botulinum toxin A (Dysport, 100 U dissolved in 0.9% sodium chloride so...

Muscle cramps may be caused by fluid and salt loss induced by diffuse or focal hyperhidrosis. Recent reports have described the efficacy of botulinum, toxin in the treatment of primary focal hyperhidrosis. Botulinum toxin inhibits sweating by blocking exocytosis of acetylcholine from presynaptic cholinergic nerve terminals. We report the case of a patient who complained of frequent muscle cramp...

Pachyonychia congenita (PC) is a rare genodermatosis which may be associated with painful, focal hyperkeratosis on the soles. Plantar sweating at high ambient temperatures increases the blistering of the callosities. We report three patients with PC who had great problems in walking, especially during summer time. They were treated with intracutaneous plantar injections of botulinum toxin type ...

the US market as two serotypes, is a potent inhibitor of acetylcholine release from the presynaptic terminal. Since its development for therapeutic use more than 30 years ago, the agent has proven extremely versatile for a range of neurologic indications and even for cosmetic uses. Currently, there are four preparations of botulinum toxin available in the US, three for botulinum toxin type A an...

The recent article from Dr Frevert of Merz, together with the accompanying commentary from Dr Sesardic of NIBSC, makes a new contribution to the data available for clinical botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) products. However, in addition to the comments about the various technical aspects of the data provided by Dr Frevert, as described by Dr Sesardic, one important and key factor about the BoNT-...

objectives: in this study, we examined the effect of botulinum toxin a (bta) on chronic allergic rhinitis (car). we tested the effects of bta, applied to an intranasal sponge, on patients who had car for a minimum of three years and had been treated unsuccessfully with conventional medications. methods:the study was an interventional case-control single-blind randomized clinical trial. forty-fo...