Hypertension is more common in men and postmenopausal women than in premenopausal women, and gender differences in sensitivity to high dietary Na(+) salt have been suggested; however, the vascular mechanisms involved are unclear. We investigated whether increases in the extracellular concentration of Na(+) ([Na(+)](e)) enhance the mechanisms of vascular smooth muscle contraction and whether the...

we investigated contraction to noradrenaline (na) and kc1 and sensitivity of na at the level of larger vessels (thoracic aorta and vena cava; left renal artery and left renal vein; lateral saphenous artery and lateral saphenous vein and finally central ear artery and marginal ear vein) in a model devised to mimic heart failure. the model presented here is the rabbit coronary ligation model in w...

We investigated whether A(3) adenosine receptor (A(3)AR) is involved in endothelium-mediated contraction through cyclooxygenases (COXs) with the use of wild-type (WT) and A(3) knockout (A(3)KO) mice aorta. A(3)AR-selective agonist, Cl-IBMECA, produced a concentration-dependent contraction (EC(50): 2.9 +/- 0.2 x 10(-9) M) in WT mouse aorta with intact endothelium (+E) and negligible effects in A...

To evaluate the temporal relationship between blood flow, blood pressure, and muscle contractions, we continuously measured femoral arterial inflow with ultrasound Doppler at onset of passive exercise and voluntary, one-legged, dynamic knee-extensor exercise in humans. Blood velocity and inflow increased ( P < 0.006) with the first relaxation of passive and voluntary exercise, whereas the arter...

AIMS The study set out to assess the relative contributions of donor heart rate, respiration and recipient atrial contraction on the mean of pulsed wave transmitral Doppler flow indices in orthotopic heart transplant recipients. This would provide information on the theoretical usefulness of pacemaker synchronization of recipient atrial contraction, as well as on the validity of certain strateg...

We consider the weakly asymmetric exclusion process on $d$-dimensional torus. prove a large deviations principle for time averaged empirical density and current in joint limit which both interval number of particles diverge. This result is obtained by analyzing variational convergence, as diverges, Donsker-Varadhan functional considering behavior hydrodynamical rate function. The asymptotic the...

K e y w o r d s N o n l i n e a r systems, Cascade systems, Discrete-time systems~ Local asymptotic stability, Global asymptotic stability.

In this paper, we consider a new type of Proinov contraction on the setting symmetrical abstract structure, more precisely, metric space. Our goal is to expand some results from literature using admissible mappings and concept E-contraction. The considered examples indicate validity obtained results.

Murthy, K. S., J. R. Grider, J. F. Kuemmerle, and G. M. Makhlouf. Sustained muscle contraction induced by agonists, growth factors, and Ca mediated by distinct PKC isozymes. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 279: G201–G210, 2000.—The role of protein kinase C (PKC) in sustained contraction was examined in intestinal circular and longitudinal muscle cells. Initial contraction induced by ago...