The aims of this study were to develop an endodontic simulation model able to implement the electronic method of working length determination (electronic apex locators, EALs) in a dental school, to evaluate the practicality of this tool for dental students, and to compare the accuracy of working length measurements achieved by the EAL and the radiographic method. A new simulation model was cons...

The Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec) of Bielefeld University, ermany, organizes annual Research Conferences on “Advances in ndustrial Biotechnology”. The 3rd International CeBiTec Research onference entitled “Synthetic Pathways and Reaction Cascades” as held at Bielefeld University in September 2013. Industrial iotechnology is currently evolving driven by a change towards ustainable chemical ...

Who is really misleading decision-makers about costffective approaches to tackling tsetse flies? Bouyer et al. (2013) claim we have given misleading dvice in our paper (Shaw et al., 2013) on the costs of ontrolling or eliminating riverine or savannah species of setse using various techniques, singly or in combination. e suggested that the most cost-effective option is often setse control, rathe...

This thesis is concerned with investigating causal explanations for the observed patterns of sex differences in spatial cognition. Researchers in this area have traditionally reported a male advantage in many spatial tasks, particularly mental rotation. However, a number of more recent results suggest that the pattern of sex differences in spatial ability is more complicated: females show a spa...

MacIntyre’s (1997) review of gender differences in spatial abilities overlooked findings generated by the metatheory of evolutionary psychology. This oversight reflects an underlying hostility within the social sciences towards the use of evolutionary theory in the study of human behaviour and cognition. As a remedy, this paper outlines the theoretical background of evolutionary psychology, foc...

It is argued that a reliable and substantive sex difference, favoring males, exists in dynamic forms of spatial cognition, in particular, in the ability to mentally manipulate 3-d imensional representations of astir, track movement in 3-dimensional space, navigate, and in terms of an implicit understanding of Euclidean features of physical space. It is proposed that these sex differences arise ...

It is argued that a reliable and substantive sex difference, favoring males, exists in dynamic forms of spatial cognition, in particular, in the ability to mentally manipulate 3-d imensional representations of astir, track movement in 3-dimensional space, navigate, and in terms of an implicit understanding of Euclidean features of physical space. It is proposed that these sex differences arise ...

Zooplankton in thc I lut lson Ri\ ,er estuary inclut le both f rcshr.v i r ter i lnd est i lar inc spt--c ies l r . rd range in bor l l ' lengths f rorn nr icror.rs to mi l l inrctcrs. , \4easurcmcnts ol abundance ant l b ionrass as rvel l as comrnuni tv ratc processes incl icate that zooplankton clo not gerrelal l r , exert s igni f icant grazing pressLrre on phl toplankton. In aclc l i t i<rn...

The largest consistent sex difference in human cognition is found on mental rotation tests, which require participants to compare pictures of three-dimensional objects and decide whether they depict the same object or different objects. Across cultures, males score up to one standard deviation higher than females. We administered two standard rotation tests to 123 participants and found that th...

Ifmemory evolved, sculpted by the processes of natural selection, then its operating characteristics likely bear the ‘‘footprints’’ of ancestral selection pressures. Psychologists rarely consider this possibility and generally ignore functional questions in their attempt to understand how human memory works. We propose that memory evolved to enhance reproductive fitness and, accordingly, its sy...