In the narrow geosynthetic-reinforced retaining walls a stable rear wall exists in a short distance and so there is no enough space to extend appropriate length of reinforcements. In this case, the probability of overturning of retaining wall increases especially when subjected to earthquake loading. To increase the stability of the wall, reinforcements may be connected to the stable rear surfa...

The earth pressure coefficient (K) determines the nature of (tendency of) deformation granular mass during flow or deposition. When velocity is increasing, K takes its active state Kact and divergent. decreasing, passive Kpas convergent. mathematical relations presented here their 2-D 3-D plots highlight that coefficients strongly depend on internal angle (δ) basal (ϕ) frictions. relation for d...

We generalize a construction of Dunkl, obtaining a wide class intertwining functions on the symmetric group and a related family of multidimensional Hahn polynomials. Following a suggestion of Vilenkin and Klymik, we develop a tree-method approach for those intertwining functions. We also give a group theoretic proof of the relation between Hahn polynomials and Clebesh-Gordan coefficients, give...

Abstract Determination of earth pressures is one the fundamental tasks in geotechnical engineering. Although many different methods have been utilized to present passive pressure coefficients, influence non-associated plasticity on problem has not discussed intensively. In this study, finite-element limit analysis and displacement are applied for frictional materials. Results compared with sele...

Mixed-valence phenomena associated with the highly correlated narrow-band behaviour of the 4f electrons in rare earths are well documented for a variety of rare-earth chalcogenides, borides and intermetallics (Kondo insulators and heavy fermions). The family of rare-earth fullerides with stoichiometry RE2.75C60 (RE=Sm, Yb, Eu) also displays an analogous phenomenology and a remarkable sensitivit...

due to urbanization and population increase, need for metro tunnels, has been considerably increased in urban areas. estimating the surface settlement caused by tunnel excavation is an important task especially where the tunnels are excavated in urban areas or beneath important structures. many models have been established for this purpose by extracting the relationship between the settlement a...