Some of the first knowledge-based systems to be introduced were medical knowledge-based systems, namely MYCIN, INTERNIST, CASNET, PIP, EXPERT, and CADIAG. The latter is one of the first to use the theory of fuzzy sets. It was developed to assist the physician in diagnostics. The present article delineates two specific pathways resulting from a bifurcation in the history of applied fuzzy systems...

Supplier selection and material procurement planning are the most important issues in supply chain management. This decision is complicated when the buyers face with discount price schemes. In real situation, each supplier may apply different methods such as different types of discount schedules and various types of payment in order to increase market share. In this situation, buyers try to sel...

The dawning of the computer era has opened a world of new possibilities and solutions to solving the many challenges faced by the visually impaired in their quest for autonomous living. According to researcher Yasser Ebrahim the visually impaired faces two principal challenges when interacting with their environment. One of which is to sense and identify the objects surrounding them. This is co...

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Professor Ebrahim (Abe) Mamdani died on January 22, 2010. He was born in Tanzania in June 1942 and educated in India, he went to UK in 1966. After obtaining his PhD at Queen Mary College, University of London, he joined its Electrical Engineering Department, where he developed the first fuzzy controller. In the mid-eighties he moved to Imperial College, where he was now an Emeritus Professor. I...

by Ebrahim MolavianJazi In this thesis, we consider a class of information protection problems requiring confidentiality (secrecy) from eavesdropping and integrity (reliability) from jamming in an information-theoretic context. For this purpose, we introduce the arbitrarily varying wire-tap channel (AVWTC) model consisting of a family of wiretap channels indexed by some state that is selected b...

insulin resistance in middle-aged men. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2006;26:2758–2762. 10. Patel S, Flyvbjerg A, Kozàkovà M, Frystyk J, Ibrahim IM, Petrie JR, Avery PJ, Ferrannini E, Walker M, the RISC Investigators. Variation in the ADIPOQ gene promoter is associated with carotid intima media thickness independent of plasma adiponectin levels in healthy subjects. Eur Heart J 2008;29:386–393. ...

Nievergelt C, Cummings SR, Newman AB, Tracy RP, Psaty BM, Reiner AP. Common variants in the CRP gene in relation to longevity and cause-specific mortality in older adults: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Atherosclerosis 2008;197:922–930. 33. Hazzard WR. Depressed albumin and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol: signposts along the final common pathway of frailty. J Am Geriatr Soc 2001;49: 125...

management of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 2011;32:2999–3054. 18. Brauer R, Smeeth L, Anaya-Izquierdo K, Timmis A, Denaxas SC, Farrington CP, Whitaker H, Hemingway H, Douglas I. Antipsychotic drugs and risks of myocardial infarction: a self-controlled case series study. Eur ...

Objective: HYBID (Hyaluronan Binding Protein Involved in HA Depolymerization, KIAA1199) is a hyaluronan (HA) binding protein, which involves in depolymerization of HA. It is reported that HYBID mRNA is expressed in the lung, heart, skin and brain in murine and human. However, the role of HYBID in the brain remains unclear. In this study, we have made HYBID KO mice and evaluated its function in ...