Green space plays an important role in sustainable urban development and ecology by virtue of multiple environmental, recreational, and economic benefits. Constructing an effective and harmonious urban ecological network and maintaining a sustainable living environment in response to rapid urbanization are the key issues required to be resolved by landscape planners. In this paper, Nanchang Cit...

To describe the dynamics of stage-structured populations with m stages living in n patches, we consider matrix models of the form SD, where S is a block diagonal matrix with n× n column substochastic matrices S1, . . . , Sm along the diagonal and D is a block matrix whose blocks aren× n nonnegative diagonal matrices. The matrix S describes movement between patches and the matrix D describes gro...

The mosaic pattern of patches of crypts of Lieberkühn in chimaeric C57BL/6JLac (B6)----DDK mouse small intestine, demonstrated using Dolichos biflorus agglutinin as strain-specific marker, is quantitatively examined using the Greig-Smith analysis of variance. This analysis, widely used in ecological research, provides a method to detect and characterize pattern at various scales. The analysis d...

Ecological processes are dependent on the spatial and temporal scale at which they are viewed, and a process at any one scale may be influenced by factors at other scales. Thus, an ecological process at a broader scale may act to constrain processes at finer scales (Allen and Starr 1982, Thompson et al. 2000). Developing a full understanding of the spatial scales at which habitat conditions imp...

Network theoretic approach has been used to model and study the flow of ecological information, growth and connectivity on landscape level of anemochory plant species Abied pindrow, Betula utilis and Taxus wallichiana in the Western Himalaya region. A network is formally defined and derived for seed dispersion model of aforementioned species where vertices represent habitat patches which are co...

Determination of spatial genetic structure (SGS) in natural populations is important for both theoretical aspects of evolutionary genetics and their application in species conservation and ecological restoration. In this study, we examined genetic diversity within and among the natural populations of a cosmopolitan grass Phragmites australis (common reed) in the Yellow River Delta (YRD), China,...

The production, consumption, and exploitation of common resources ranging from extracellular products in microorganisms to global issues of climate change refer to public goods interactions. Individuals can cooperate and sustain common resources at some cost or defect and exploit the resources without contributing. This generates a conflict of interest, which characterizes social dilemmas: Indi...

The study aimed at determining the effect of acid modified porcine mucin powder on the release and permeation of insulin in transdermal patches. Various batches of insulin patches were prepared by solvent casting method using polysorbate 80 as emulsifying agent and acid treated and untreated mucin powders as base. The patches were evaluated for their physical properties, folding endurance, moi...