The scarcity of water resources is becoming a global focus, and conservation has become one the most crucial service functions in security sustainable development ecosystems. Hulunbuir forest–steppe ecotone, as an important area northeastern provinces China, plays irreplaceable role Northeastern China. However, yield are rarely understood ecotone. In this study, InVEST model was employed to ana...

iran has mountainous landscapes and half of its surface is occupied by highlands. moreover, iran is an arid country and deserts are located at lower altitudes. most metropolitan areas are positioned in mid-altitudes between mountain and desert. cities grow upwardly toward the highlands under pressures of urbanization and desertification. foothill ecotones are a zone between upland mountains and...

This paper uses a multi-proxy approach involving pollen, plant macrofossils, speleothem isotopes, and alluvial history of streams to reconstruct the history of prairie expansion and contraction along the prairie-forest border of southeastern Minnesota, USA. Early Holocene forests were replaced by prairie along this border, but eastward expansion of prairie stalled for 2000 yr when the prairie-f...

This paper presents results of analyzing the second half 20th–early 21st century changes in lateral spatial structure Larix sibirica Ledeb. population upper treeline ecotone located on Rai-Iz massif (Polar Urals, Russia). The GIS layers characterizing distribution Siberian larch trees and undergrowth together with their crowns was produced for a 7.32 square kilometer area based aerial images re...