Using data from the National Survey of Standards of Living conducted in Guatemala in 2000, this article tests the hypothesis that Guatemalan households use child labor and reduce child schooling to cope with household shocks. First, the authors use factor analysis to estimate the latent household propensity to natural disasters and socioeconomic shocks. Then, they estimate bivariate probit mode...

introduction cri du chat syndrome is a rare genetic disorder due to deletion of variable length of short arm of chromosome 5(5p). it mainly presents with typical cat like cry, facial dysmorphism, poor growth with feeding problems and severe cognitive, speech, and motor delays. case report we present here a one year old child who did not presented with typical features but presented with recurre...

Beginning from the middle of the nineteenth century, an increasing number of countries have passed legislation which bans the formal employment of children. However, while child labor bans are now near-universal in industrial countries, in many developing countries child labor continues to be widespread. Child labor is often particularly popular among poorer families who depend on the additiona...

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Objectives. Worldwide, over 200 million children are involved in child labor, with another 20 million children subjected to forced labor, leading to acute and chronic exposures resulting in safety and health (S&H) risks, plus removal from formal education and play. This review summarized S&H issues in child labor, including forced or indentured domestic labor as other sectors of child labor. Sp...

Using data we collected in rural Burkina Faso, we examine how children’s cognitive abilities influence households’ decisions to invest in their education. To address the endogeneity of child ability measures, we use rainfall shocks experienced in utero or early childhood to instrument for ability. Negative shocks in utero lead to 0.24 standard deviations lower ability z-scores, corresponding wi...

This paper investigates the issue of child labor in the context of land reforms in transition economies, using farm household data from the Republic of Georgia. The results show that an increase in landholdings as an outcome of the land reform can, in the presence of market imperfections, lead to an increase in child labor. This is because the increased demand for labor on the family farm is st...