OBJECTIVES Overexpression of efflux pumps in Acinetobacter baumannii is a common mechanism of multidrug resistance in this nosocomial pathogen. Increased efflux pump expression is often assumed from MICs of antibiotics and dyes, without measurement of efflux levels. This study describes a safe, rapid and simple 96-well plate assay that measures the accumulation of a fluorescent dye, Hoechst (H)...

Efflux pump inhibitors are of great interest since their use as adjuvants of bacterial chemotherapy can increase the intracellular concentrations of the antibiotics and assist in the battle against the rising of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In this work, we have described the mode of action of the 2-phenylquinoline efflux inhibitor (4-(2-(piperazin-1-yl)ethoxy)-2-(4-propoxyphenyl) quinolone -...

This paper describes a new method to monitor continuously soil CO2 profiles using small solid-state CO2 sensors buried at different depths of the soil. Based on the measurement of soil CO2 profile and a gaseous diffusivity model, we estimated soil CO2 efflux, which was mainly from heterotrophic respiration, and its temporal variation in a dry season in a Mediterranean savanna ecosystem in Calif...

The K4a surface efflux from the cat neocortex and rat hippocampus was studied after preloading with K”a from the surface. This K4s efflux increases from two to nine times during or after all electrically or Metrazol-induced seizures and “spontaneous” seizures. The K4s influx does not change during a seizure, so this increased efflux is not due to change in the diffusion constant or water flow f...

Objective(s): Propofol (2, 6-diisopropylphenol) is an intravenous anesthetic that is commonly used for the general anesthesia. It is well known that the spinal cord is one of the working targets of general anesthesia including propofol. However, there is a lack of investigation of the effects of propofol on spinal dorsal horn which is important for the sensory transmission of nociceptive signal...

We have investigated the functional characteristics of term human placental villous explants kept in long-term (7-11 days) culture. Fragments of placental villous tissue (approximately 5-10 mg wet wt) were cultured in supplemented CMRL-1066 culture medium for up to 11 days. After the first day of culture, the syncytiotrophoblast appeared vacuolated and eventually degenerated. However, a new syn...

Interpretation and evaluation of combined measurement techniques for soil CO 2 efflux: Discrete surface chambers and continuous soil CO 2 concentration probes" [1] Soil CO 2 efflux is a large respiratory flux from terrestrial ecosystems and a critical component of the global carbon (C) cycle. Lack of process understanding of the spatiotemporal controls on soil CO 2 efflux limits our ability to ...

Legionella pneumophila is the pathogen responsible for severe pneumonia known as Legionnaires’ disease. Legionella can live under varied stress conditions, especially in cold environments, and is common in many artificial environments. In this study, the antimicrobial activity of biogenic silver nanoparticles, prepared using the culture supernatant of Klebsiella pneumoniae, was evaluated agains...

Stutzin, Andrés, Rubén Torres, Macarena Oporto, Patricio Pacheco, Ana Luisa Eguiguren, L. Pablo Cid, and Francisco V. Sepúlveda. Separate taurine and chloride efflux pathways activated during regulatory volume decrease. Am. J. Physiol. 277 (Cell Physiol. 46): C392–C402, 1999.—Organic osmolyte and halide permeability pathways activated in epithelial HeLa cells by cell swelling were studied by ra...

The rate of dark CO(2) efflux from mature wheat (Triticum aestivum cv Gabo) leaves at the end of the night is less than that found after a period of photosynthesis. After photosynthesis, the dark CO(2) efflux shows complex dependence on time and temperature. For about 30 minutes after darkening, CO(2) efflux includes a large component which can be abolished by transferring illuminated leaves to...