Recent studies have shown that the metabolic cost of avian egg production involves a 16-27% increase in metabolic rate (MR) above non-reproductive basal or resting values (BMR and RMR, respectively). To determine how the metabolic cost of egg production interacted with the costs of other essential processes (such as cold acclimation and active heat production), we measured the MR of non-breedin...

many of insects have re-mating behavoiur during their reproductive period. the re-mating phenomenons have been observed in many ladybirds, too. in current study, the change of proportion of male to female (sex ratio) was used in order to changing of possibility and times of re-mating in hippodamia variegata. in previous studies it has been indicated that males make up about 50% of this predator...

the aims of this study were to investigate the effect of photoperiod and light intensity on egg production and hatching rate in acartia clausi in laboratory conditions. this zooplankton was collected from caspian coastal waters of mazandaran province by the use of a 100µ net. all tests were performed in five light treatments (photoperiod) namely 24:00, 18:06, 12:12, 06:18, 00:24 (light / dark),...

Females of most species of moths produce a volatile sex pheromone that attracts conspecific males over distance. In females of the polyandrous moth Heliothis virescens, feeding on carbohydrate (e.g. nectar) supplies precursor, via hemolymph trehalose, for both sex pheromone and egg production. With limited carbohydrate acquisition these two reproductive physiologies might compete for hemolymph ...

The study was conducted to determine the effect of varying protein levels and preservation method on external egg qualities of Japanese quails. A total of 180 birds were randomly allotted into three dietary treatments in a completely randomized design (CRD) replicated six times. A factorial arrangement of 3 × 4 × 4 which involves 3 protein levels (15, 20 and 25% crude protein), 4 storage method...

an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of fennel essence on performance, egg quality and ovarian morphology of commercial laying eggs for ten weeks. in this experiment, one hundred and forty 30-wk-old commercial egg laying type hy-line (w36) were randomly assigned into 4 treatments with 5 replicates and 8 birds per each. treatments were a control (0.0% essence) and diets containing ...