Introduction: Spirochetes of Borrelia can be visualized directly in infected ticks by dark-field microscopy. Inoculation of in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) suspension of ground Argasid soft ticks to susceptible animals or allowing the ticks to feed on the same species followed by microscopic examination of the animals’ blood have also been practiced. With the advent of molecular method...

this study describes the influences of variations in life history traits and developmental patterns of pelophylax ridibunda. the causes of this variation were investigated by comparing observed patterns of interpopulational differences from geographic variables. the aim of the study was to investigate whether embryos and larvae from different populations of p. ridibunda show the same pattern of...

Porphyrosela minuta Clarke is a gracillariid that causes damage on white clover (Trifolium repens) in Uruguay. In this article, the eggs, all the larval instars, the pupa and the external morphological characteristics of the adult are described. Information about the insect's biology under laboratory and field conditions is presented. The eggs are laid singly on the upper surface of the leaflet...

Here L t , P t , and At are the number of feeding larvae. pupae, and non-feeding larvae, and adults. respectively, at time t; the unit of time is taken to be the feeding larval maturation period so that after one unit of time, a larva either dies or survives and pupates. This unit of time is also the time spent as a non-feeding larva, pupa and callow (young adult). b is a positive constant desc...

For free-spawning marine invertebrates, the egg is the unit of maternal investment in offspring. For many taxa, there is a major life-history trade-off between production of many small, nutrient-poor eggs in high-fecundity species and fewer large, nutrient-rich eggs in low-fecundity species. In echinoderms, the switch from small eggs in species with ancestral-type feeding larvae to large eggs a...

BALB/c mice were inoculated with 5-500 Toxocara canis infective eggs, and bled at 15-120 days post infection (dpi) to evaluate the dynamics of IgG antibody response and larvae distribution. Positive results were observed in all occasions for every inoculum, and a direct proportional relationship between antibody detection and the parasitic load was observed. In samples collected at 60 dpi, dete...

Based on species composition and density data of fish egg larvae in South Central coastal sea areas Vietnam Sea waters were collected at Cù Lao Cham - Thu Bon river, Ly Son Tra Bong river Sa Ky Nha Trang Phu lagoon. Thirty-one eggs families identified (about 18% total 100% wholte larvae). Cu has the richest as 18 families, following to that is lower 15 10 respectively. The highest frequency was...

An otic suspension containing 0.01% ivermectin (Acarexx; Blue Ridge Pharmaceuticals, Greensboro, NC) controls adult ear mites (Otodectes cynotis), but there are no data published on its efficacy against the eggs of this parasite. Three in vitro trials were conducted to examine the efficacy of this product for prevention of hatching of O. cynotis eggs. Eggs were placed in Petri dishes on 1 ml ag...

OBJECTIVE Establishing the presence of zoonotic gastrointestinal nematodosin soil samples in recreational areas in Suba (one of the largest localities of Bogotá, Colombia) between July 2005 and June 2006. METHODOLOGY The presence of several gastrointestinal parasites' eggs, larvae and oocysts were determined by initial soil sedimentation and later flotation with Sheather solution; some of the...

As the effectiveness of current anthelmintic drenches is being reduced by the emergence of drench resistance and significant production losses may still occur as a result of continuing larval challenge, strategies for nematode control should focus on preventing the build-up of infective larvae on pasture rather than treating the infection. This paper reports the effects of condensed tannins (CT...