In this paper a three dimensional thermal model of a sliding contact system is proposed for both steady-state or transient conditions. The influence of contact force, electric current and ambient temperature on the temperature distribution, has been investigated. A thermal analysis of the different type of the graphite material of fixed electric contact and its influence on contact system tempe...

The authors review the existing physical modalities for treatment of chronic wounds and show the advantages of electric current and electromagnetic field stimulation. Direct currents, low frequency pulsed currents, monophasic high voltage pulses and pulsed electromagnetic fields are compared in respect of their efficiency. Wound healing quantification methods, wound healing dynamics and prognos...

We develop a theory of nonlinear response to an electric field of a two-dimensional electron gas 2DEG placed in a classically strong magnetic field. The latter leads to a nonlinear current-voltage characteristic at a relatively weak electric field. The origin of the nonlinearity is twofold: the formation of a nonequilibrium electron distribution function and the geometrical resonance in the int...

Transcranial electric stimulation aims to stimulate the brain by applying weak electrical currents at the scalp. However, the magnitude and spatial distribution of electric fields in the human brain are unknown. We measured electric potentials intracranially in ten epilepsy patients and estimated electric fields across the entire brain by leveraging calibrated current-flow models. When stimulat...

Particle acceleration by direct-current electric field in the current sheet has been extensively studied, in which an electric and a magnetic field are generally prescribed, and a power law distribution of the electron energy is obtained. Based on MHD numerical simulations of flares, this paper aims at investigating the time evolution of the electron energy spectrum during solar flares. It turn...

Electrospraying has attracted the attention of many researchers, ranging from analytical chemists to physicists, not only because of the rich physics associated with it, but also due to its wide-ranging applicability. Therefore, considerable research has been devoted to exploring this interfacial phenomenon. However, there still are areas of electrospraying that have remained unexplored. Until ...

Electrohydrodynamic effect on natural convection in horizontal channels is investigated from a numerical point of view. The EHD effect is induced by narrow strip electrodes placed at the bottom wall of the channel. The channel is subjected in a first stage only to the electric forces, and in a second stage to the simultaneous action of a temperature gradient and an electric field. The interacti...

This paper describes a three-dimensional thermal model of the current path included in the low voltage power circuit breakers. The model can be used to analyse the thermal behaviour of the current path during both steady-state and transient conditions. The current path lengthwise temperature distribution and timecurrent characteristic of the terminal connections of the power circuit breaker hav...

in this paper, the stability of a functionally graded magneto-electro-elastic (fg-mee) micro-beam under actuation of electrostatic pressure is studied. for this purpose euler-bernoulli beam theory and constitutive relations for magneto-electro-elastic (mee) materials have been used. we have supposed that material properties vary exponentially along the thickness direction of the micro-beam. gov...