introduction: the role of midbrain reticular formation, which includes the nucleus cuneiformis (ncf), as a crucial antinociceptive region in descending pain modulation has long been investigated. in this study, we tried to highlight the role of ncf in morphine-induced antinociception in formalin-induced pain model in rats. methods: a total of 201 male wistar rats weighing 260-310 g were used in...

introduction: in the kindling-induced seizure model, low and repeated electrical or chemical stimulations, can elevate the neural network excitability and induce epileptiform seizures. opioid receptors are widely distributed in different areas of the brain. on the other hand, morphine has paradoxical effects and induces elevation or alleviation of the pain sensation and excitability, at differe...

The increasing use of electrical stimulation of the brain for relief of pain, spasticity and epilepsy has introduced unfamiliar techniques into clinical neurological and neurosurgical practice. In view of the evidence that excessive levels of stimulation can damage brain tissue, it is of great importance to monitor the dose of stimulation. A review of recent clinical papers suggests that many c...

OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation and low-level laser therapy on neuromuscular parameters and health status in elderly subjects with knee osteoarthritis. DESIGN A randomized evaluator-blinded clinical trial. SUBJECTS Forty-five elderly women with knee osteoarthritis. METHODS Subjects were randomized into 1 of the following 3 intervention groups: el...

The physiological activation of lumbar sympathetic nerves by air-jet stress produces a hindlimb vasodilation in conscious rats. Although the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester markedly reduces the duration of this air-jet stress-induced vasodilation, it does not prevent the initial fall in resistance. These data suggest that the vasodilation is initiated by the r...

A dose of 5.0310 antimony (Sb) ions cm was implanted into silicon wafers at an energy of 70 keV, at different tilt angles ~0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, and 60°!. One set of samples was preamorphized with 160 keV germanium (Ge) ions with a dose of 1310 cm. The second set consisted of implants into single crystal silicon. After implantation the samples were annealed at 700 °C for 30 s in a pure nitrogen am...

background: to suggest south india ct diagnostic reference levels (drls) by collecting radiation doses for the most commonly performed ct examinations. materials and methods: a pilot study investigated the most frequent ct examinations. 110 ct sites were asked to complete a survey booklet to allow the recording of ct parameters for each of 3 ct examinations during a 1 year time period. dose dat...

introduction: coronary angiography and angioplasty procedures lead to significant radiation exposure of patients. in the current study, the average radiation dose to patients during angiography in the angiography department of shahid-madani hospital was determined. materials and methods: an image intensifier based angiography unit (philips bh 3000) was used for angiography procedures. the accur...

introduction: in 2000, the unscear reported that ct constitutes 5% of all the medical x-ray  examinations and it contributes 34% of the resultant collective dose worldwide. children are more  sensitive to the ionizing radiations than adults. so, routine quality control tests are expected to be  carried out periodically on the ct scanners. the aim of this research was to estimate the effective  ...