We study the evolution of the network of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the international electricity industry during the period 1994–2003. We assume that the ties in the network of investment relations between countries are created and deleted in continuous time, according to a conditional Gibbs distribution. This assumption allows us to take simultaneously into account the aggregate predi...

This paper discusses on general aspects of smart grids and focuses on some smart grid features at distribution level like interconnection of distributed generation and active distribution management, using automated meter reading (AMR) systems in network management and power quality monitoring, application of power electronics in electricity distribution, plug-in vehicles as part of smart grids...

Power distribution system in the country is characterized by high power losses, poor reliability of supply, frequent equipment burnouts etc. The traditional approach in electric power generation is to have centralized plants distributing electricity through an extensive transmission & distribution network. Distribution generation (dg) provides electric power at a site closer to the customer, el...

Pressure from the Government of Kenya to have citizens connected to electricity as a means of improving their standard of living has resulted in a focus on the electricity utilities to expand the power distribution network. Contractors have therefore been approved to expedite the process. This has, however, resulted in sub-standard work being done by some of the contractors. The main objective ...

The planning and operation of electricity industries has traditionally been highly supply-side focused, with electricity demand often treated as entirely exogenously driven. As such, efforts to manage the demand side have generally been limited to relatively minor amounts of network and market-driven demand response and energy efficiency programs. Interest in, and the ability to manage, what is...

In power grids, there must always be a balance between energy production and consumption. Due to the variable nature of consumers, energy production should also be subject to these changes. Electricity storage is one of the most important issues in the electricity industry, which can generate many ancillary services such as load curve leveling, peak shaving, integration with renewable units, ro...

The connection and use of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) such as Grid-Connected Photovoltaic (GCPV) systems in distribution networks have been increasing over the last few decades. The grid-connected PV system is one of the most promising renewable energy solutions which could offer many benefits to both the end user and the utility network. Such systems may cover the consumer’s own power deman...