A simple microprocessor controlled mini-electrochemical (EC) instrument integrating with square wave voltammetry (SWV) was designed nd fabricated. Direct digital frequency synthesizer (DDFS) was exploited in the circuit design to generate a linear and very low frequency canning waveform for SWV. An ultra-low bias current, a high performance operational amplifier, a lock-in amplifier, and severa...

The real-time detection of trace concentrations of biological toxins requires significant improvement of the detection methods from those reported in the literature. To develop a highly sensitive and selective detection device it is necessary to determine the optimal measuring conditions for the electrochemical sensor in three domains: time, frequency and polarization potential. In this work we...

This paper describes the development of a referenced Electrochemical Paper-based Analytical Device (rEPAD) comprising a sample zone, a reference zone, and a connecting microfluidic channel that includes a central contact zone. We demonstrated that the rEPADs provide a simple system for direct and accurate voltammetric measurements that are referenced by an electrode with a constant, well-define...

Here, we report on carbon nanotube paper-based electroanalytical devices. A highly aligned-carbon nanotube (HA-CNT) array, grown using chemical vapor deposition (CVD), was processed to form bi-layered paper with an integrated cellulose-based Origami-chip as the electroanalytical device. We used an inverse-ordered fabrication method from a thick carbon nanotube (CNT) sheet to a thin CNT sheet. A...

A small volumetric capacitance resulting from a low packing density is one of the major limitations for novel nanocarbons finding real applications in commercial electrochemical energy storage devices. Here we report a carbon with a density of 1.58 g cm(-3), 70% of the density of graphite, constructed of compactly interlinked graphene nanosheets, which is produced by an evaporation-induced dryi...

A sensing device is modeled and discussed in this paper. The modeling is done by using carbon nanotubes. This carbon nanotube based sensing device makes it possible produce huge amount of nano chips as a disposable cartridge for diagnostic purposes. Modeling of nano-electrode, characterization and electrochemical detection of DNA hybridization is discussed here. The results shows that the impor...

Metal-oxide-based resistive switching memory device has been studied intensively due to its potential to satisfy the requirements of next-generation memory devices. Active research has been done on the materials and device structures of resistive switching memory devices that meet the requirements of high density, fast switching speed, and reliable data storage. In this study, resistive switchi...

A new approach for incorporating metallic microwire electrodes into simple, self-pumping paperbased microfluidic devices is presented. The low resistance wire electrodes improve electrochemical response relative to screen-printed carbon electrodes. Here, for the first time, microwire electrodes have been incorporated into a self-pumping quasi-steady state flow paper-based microfluidic device ca...