AIM The aim of the study was to assess efficacy and safety of electroconvulsive therapy. METHODS 43 patients included into the study were hospitalised in The Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology and received all together over 400 bilateral electroconvulsive procedures. Most of the patients (N = 25) were qualified for electroconvulsive therapy due to treatment resistant depression (58.1%). Si...

This paper uses a structural, large dimensional factor model to evaluate the role of ‘news’ shocks (shocks with a delayed effect on productivity) in generating the business cycle. We find that (i) existing small-scale VECM models are affected by ‘non-fundamentalness’ and therefore fail to recover the correct shock and impulse response functions; (ii) news shocks have a limited role in explainin...

We examine the investment behavior of a panel of German manufacturing ...rms for the time period from 1992 to 2000. Our methodology is structural and has several steps: First, we identify the pro...tability shocks that move investment demand at the ...rm level. Then, we specify an array of adjustment costs and capital market imperfections possibly in‡uencing optimal ...rm investment response to...

Modulation of central 5-HT receptor sensitivity is implicated in the therapeutic response to electroconvulsive shock (ECS). Altered 5-HT receptor expression may play a role in this process. We have measured the mRNAs encoding 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C and 5-HT7 receptors, and the 5-HT transporter, in rat brain after single ECS, repeated ECS, and 3 weeks after repeated ECS. Hippocampal 5-HT1A recep...

In the one-trial passive avoidance paradigm punishment of a highly probable response results in decreased rates and increased latencies of response. Presumably, Sa have learned to avoid the noxious stimulation by not responding. However, decreased response rates may be produced by an alternative procedure-conditioned suppression-where a freezing response conditioned to the situational cues comp...

The study assesses the level of integration among the three Greater China economies (namely China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan) and examines the suitability of a Greater China currency union. Currently, the three economies have extensive trade and investment linkages. Our analyses show that these economies share common long-run and short-run cyclical variations. We also estimate the output costs of r...

'101 The prostaglandins are potent autacoids which are widely distributed in mammalian tissues [I] including the central nervous system of various species [2-43. Although tissue stores are quite small, prostaglandins (PG's) are rapidly synthesized and released in association with peripheral nerve stimulation [S]. Several groups of workers have reported that PG's and PG-like substances are relea...

To continue our systematic SAR studies a series of N-phenylamino derivatives of 2-azaspiro[4.4]nonane-, 2-azaspiro[4.5]decane-, 6-methyl-2-azaspiro[4.5]decane-1,3-dione and 3-cyclohexylpyrrolidine-2,5-dione were synthesized and tested for their anticonvulsant activity in the maximum electroshock seizure (MES) and subcutaneous metrazole seizure threshold (sc. Met) tests. Among those molecules th...

The capacity of a post-communist country to minimize social pain is essential to the very existence of the new government. In studying the transitional economies of Eastern Europe, it is important to attempt to determine what factors have lead to a level of success in not only moving towards a market economy, but also in minimizing the social pain of that transition. Hungary and Poland have bee...