Abstract Resource recovery from natural reserves is appealing and Li extraction different brines in the forefront. by membranes reviewed literature much more than electrochemical processes. However, a very recent review thoroughly discussed electrochemically switchable ion exchange (ESIX). This paper reviews both charge transfer processes, namely electrodialysis (ED), electro-sorption capacitiv...

The computer simulation program of a practical scale reverse electrodialysis process has been developed based on the program for saline water electrodialysis. The program is applied to compute the performance of an industrial-scale reverse electrodialysis stack (effective membrane area S = 1 m × 1 m = 1 m2, cell pair number N = 300 pairs). The stack operatingconditions are optimized. Seaw...

!Istituto Chimica Tecnologia Prodotti Naturali, C.N.R. (associated with Istituto Nazionale Chimica Sistemi Biologici, C.N.R.), 153 La Malfa, 90146 Palermo, Italy "Science Exact Institute, Chemistry Department, Oum El Bouaghi University, Oum El Bouaghi 04000, Algeria #Dipartimento Chimica Organica, Universita% Palermo, Viale d.Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy $Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gard...

iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my labmates, advisor, and other members of the EAS faculty for providing me with direction and encouragement. Special thanks go to the wonderful people at the Skidaway Institute of Oceanography the crew members of the R/V Savannah for the support and fun times.

There is a tremendous source of entropic energy available from the salinity difference between river water and seawater, but this energy has yet to be efficiently captured and stored. Here we demonstrate that H(2) can be produced in a single process by capturing the salinity driven energy along with organic matter degradation using exoelectrogenic bacteria. Only five pairs of seawater and river...

The energy balance of lithium recovery by electrodialysis using the solid electrolyte La0.57Li0.29TiO3 was investigated AC impedance spectroscopy and overpotential measurements. It found that most input is consumed in electrolysis water associated with electrodialysis. Despite use low-performing model electrodes plates low Li+ conductivity, due to diffusion between electrode surface offshore se...

Given a property P of graphs, write P for the set of graphs with vertex set [n] having property P. The growth or speed of a property P can be discussed in terms of the values of |P|. For properties with |P|<n hereditary properties are surprisingly well determined by their speeds. Sharpening results of E. R. Scheinerman and J. Zito (1994, J. Combin. Theory Ser. B 61, 16 39), we prove numerous re...

This paper concerns with the behavior of an electrodeionization (EDI) system for concentration of citric acid from fermentation broth. Commercially cation-exchange membrane (MC-3470) and anion-exchange membrane (MA-3475) were used as ionic selective barriers of the EDI stack. The diluted compartments of the EDI stack were filled with mixed ion-exchange resins (purolite strong acid cation-exchan...