Electro-convective vortices in ion concentration polarization under shear flow have been of practical relevance for desalination processes using electrodialysis. The phenomenon has been scientifically disregarded for decades, but is recently embraced by a growing fluid dynamics community due its complex superposition of multi-scale gradients in electrochemical potential and space charge interac...

Currently, there is an enormous amount of energy available from salinity gradients, which could be used for clean hydrogen production. Through the use of a favorable oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) cathode, the projected electrical energy generated by a single pass ammonium bicarbonate reverse electrodialysis (RED) system approached 78 W h m(-3). However, if RED is operated with the less favora...

Most commercial anion exchange membranes (AEMs) deploy quaternary ammonium moieties. Alternative cation moieties have been explored in AEMs for fuel cells, but there are no studies focused examining alternative tethered cations ionic separations—such as organic acid transport via electrodialysis. H-cell and conductivity experiments demonstrate that benzyl 1-methyl imidazolium groups polysulfone...

An urgent task is the development of new resource-saving technologies for deep processing wastes from hydrometallurgical industry purpose their reuse. Membrane make it possible to create closed technological cycles with reuse recovered components in production, which allows solving many environmental problems. At Abinsk Electric Steel Works Ltd. (Russia), during production copper-coated steel w...

Membrane reactors are currently under extensive research and development. Hardly any concept however is realized yet in practice. Frequently, forgotten as membrane reactors are electro-catalyic membrane reactors where electrodes perform chemical conversations and membranes separate the locations of conversion. In this chapter we extensively describe a technology where the membrane itself is cat...