We previously demonstrated that repeated exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF) increases locomotor activity via stimulation of dopaminergic D1 receptor (J. Pharmacol. Sci., 2007;105:367-371). Since it has been demonstrated that activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factors, especially 35-kDa fos-related antigen (FRA), play a key role in the neuronal and behavioral adap...

The effect of extremely low frequency magnetic fields (50 Hz, 0.5 mT) - ELF-MF, on phosphate metabolism has been studied in the isolated ganglions of the garden snail Helix pomatia, after 7 and 16 days of snail exposure to ELF-MF. The influence of ELF-MF on the level of phosphate compounds and intracellular pH was monitored by ³¹P NMR spectroscopy. Furthermore, the activity of enzymes involved ...

We describe Elf, a metalanguage for proof manipulation environments that are independent of any particular logical system. Elf is intended for meta-programs such as theorem provers, proof transformers, or type inference programs for programming languages with complex type systems. Elf unifies logic definition (in the style of LF, the Edinburgh Logical Framework) with logic programming (in the s...

Although the modulation of Ca(2+) channel activity by extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) has been studied previously, few reports have addressed the effects of such fields on the activity of voltage-activated Na(+) channels (Na(v)). Here, we investigated the effects of ELF-EMF on Na(v) activity in rat cerebellar granule cells (GCs). Our results reveal that exposing cerebel...

OBJECTIVE To compare occupational exposure to extremely-low-frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF) between dentists practicing in dental clinics and those employed in hospitals. METHODS Thirty-two dentists who worked at clinics (n=15) and 33 dentists employed at hospital dental departments (n=7) voluntarily provided their informed consent to participate in this measurement study. The study dentist...

The hippocampus and septum play central roles in one of the most important spheres of brain function: learning and memory. Although their topographic connections have been known for two decades and topography may be critical for cognitive functions, the basis for hippocamposeptal topographic projection is unknown. We now report for the first time that Elf-1, a membrane-bound eph family ligand, ...

Extremely low-frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF) has been suggested to influence the cognitive capability but this should be dynamically evaluated in a longitudinal study. Previous training can affect performance, but the influence under magnetic field is unclear. This study aims to evaluate the effects of previous training and ELF-MF exposure on learning and memory using the Morris water maze (...

[1] It is well established that Extremely Low Frequency (ELF, 0.3–3 kHz) and Very Low Frequency (VLF, 3–30 kHz) radio waves can be generated via modulated High Frequency (HF, 3–10 MHz) heating of the lower ionosphere (60–100 km). The ionospheric absorption of HF power modifies the conductivity of the lower ionosphere, which in the presence of natural currents such as the auroral electrojet, cre...

Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the most important signal molecules, involved in both physiological and pathological processes. As a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, NO regulates cerebral blood flow, neurogenesis, and synaptic plasticity. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of the extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) on generation and metabolism of N...

Antioxidants, such as glutathione peroxidases (GPxs), in epithelial lining fluid (ELF) protect against health effects of oxidant pollutants, which includes O(3) or NO(2). We hypothesized that GPxs concentration in ELF is responsive to O(3) or NO(2) exposure. Subjects underwent two 4-h exposures to O(3) (0.22 ppm) and one to air. In another experiment, subjects underwent 3-h exposures to air and...