In 1998, Bedau et al. de ned a set of metrics for characterizing the long-term evolutionary dynamics of a system. They argued that no known arti cial system demonstrates the unbounded evolutionary activity observed in the fossil record. In response we have developed a series of toy models that approach and eventually succeed in demonstrating unbounded evolutionary activity. The underwhelming su...

[*] Prof. Dr. J. Chen, Dr. Z.-L. Tao, Dr. S.-L. Li Institute of New Energy Materials Chemistry Nankai University, Tianjin 300071 (P.R.China) Fax: (+86)22-2350-9118 E-mail: [email protected] [**] The authors acknowledge support from the Trans-Century Distinguished Talent Project (Grant No. 200248) and the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars (Grant No. 20...

An open-ended carbon nanotube or a tubule is a part of some regular hexagonal tessellation of a cylinder. A tubule T is said to be k-resonant if for every k (or fewer) pairwise disjoint hexagons, the subgraph obtained from T by deleting all the vertices of these hexagons must have a Kekule structure (perfect matching) or must be empty. The 1-resonant tubules can be constructed by an approach pr...

This paper introduces a new classification scheme called “open-ended texture classification.” The standard approach for texture classification is to use a closed n-class classifier based on the Bayesian paradigm. These perform supervised classification, whereby all the texture classes have to be predefined. We propose a new texture classification scheme, one that does not require a complete set...

Background: Manual coding of open-ended survey responses is time-consuming, expensive, and error-prone. However, this task can be recast as a multi-label text classification problem, to which natural language processing and machine learning techniques can be applied. Aim: The aim of this work is to assess the suitability of various machine learning techniques to the problem of automated coding ...

We introduce a simple open-ended model which describes the emergence of a shared vocabulary. The ordering transition towards consensus is generated only by an agreement mechanism. This interaction defines a finite and small number of states, despite each individual having the ability to invent an unlimited number of new words. The existence of a phase transition is studied, analyzing the conver...

A total of 352 open-ended attributions were obtained in two field studies with volleyball teams and in two lab experiments, all involving team competition. All attributions were classified along the three causal dimensions of locus of causality, stability, and controllability. Attributions were also classified as referring to the self, to teammates, to the team as a whole, or to other factors a...

We have built up an open-ended computerized overview which can give instant access to information because controlled languages (CLs) are of undoubted interest (for safety and economic reasons, etc.) for industry and those willing to create a CL need to be aware of what has already been done. To achieve it, we had a close look at what has been written in the field of CLs and tried to get in touc...

Extended Abstract The term open-ended evolution (“OEE”) is used by the ALife community to refer to the kind of long-term evolutionary dynamics observed in the biosphere. It is generally taken to refer to evolutionary systems which display a continual production of adaptively significant innovations. Furthermore, some authors use the term to imply a sustained increase in complexity and/or divers...

This paper is an effort to begin serious work toward a theory of open-ended evolution (OEE). We begin by defining OEE to mean continued innovation. With this intuitive definition in mind, we closely examine metrics for characterizing behavior of evolutionary systems and argue that none are sufficient for quantifying open-endedness, but there are still avenues to explore. Working from our relati...