The subgenus Amphineurus ( Ramphoneurus Alexander) (Diptera: Limoniidae), a group of craneflies endemic to southern South America, is revised. previously described species are redescribed and illustrated, along with fifteen new species: A. (R.) alexanderi sp. nov. , amorimi anchoralis anfractus billinghami caleuchus deceptus falcatus immaculatus morphyi oosterbroeki podenasi theischingeri trian...

in the alhambra (granada, spain), and in other moorish locations, several individuals of the original variety of myrtle, the emblematic plant of their gardens, have been identified and genetically authenticated. after microsatellite analysis, we differentiated between the wild form (myrtus communis l.) and two cultivated varieties: the one original to the alhambra, the moorish myrtle (subsp. ba...

Aim Introduced mammal herbivores are predicted to negatively affect insular flora. However, disentangling which particular traits (1) developed from exaptations and (2) functional avoid herbivory remains mainly unknown. This study aims assess if the flora of continental islands with historic native exapted introduction new predict potential vulnerability endemic species where have not been intr...

Abstract: An overview of insect galls on Asteraceae in Brazil is presented. We used the Web Science database to find publications about from 1988 2020. analyzed 88 and collected data 51 those. A total 487 gall morphotypes were counted 157 plant species 42 genera. This value singled out as richest family number Brazil. Most recorded Atlantic Forest (41%) Cerrado (30.5%), most surveyed biomes Bac...

Taxometric method, invented by Paul Meehl (1965) and developed by him and a number of colleagues, is a family of procedure for subjecting parts of a certain class of theories to risky tests. The theories in question postulate the existence of a latent category, the taxon, and its complement class. A taxon is negatively defined as a " non-arbitrary latent category. " It does not appear to be pos...

In a recent study, Steel and Sanderson defined and characterized phylogenetically decisive sets of taxon sets. A set is called phylogenetically decisive if regardless of the trees chosen for each of its taxon sets, as long as these trees are compatible with one another, their supertree is always unique. This implies that the sampled taxon sets always lead to a unique supertree, regardless what ...

Climatic change, and in particular aridification, has played a dominant role in shaping Southern Hemisphere biotas since the mid-Neogene. In Australia, ancient and geologically stable ranges within the vast arid zone have functioned as refugia for populations of mesic taxa extirpated from surrounding areas, yet the extent to which relicts may be linked to major aridification events before or af...

Plants on serpentine soils provide extreme examples of adaptation to environment, and thus offer excellent models for the study of evolution at the molecular and genomic level. Serpentine outcrops are derived from ultramafic rock and have extremely low levels of essential plant nutrients (e.g., N, P, K, and Ca), as well as toxic levels of heavy metals (e.g., Ni, Cr, and Co) and low moisture ava...