wheat is the dominant cereal crop constituting the first staple food in iran. this paper studies the energy consumption patterns and the relationship between energy inputs and yield for wheat production in iranian agriculture during the period 1986 – 2008. the results indicated that total energy inputs in irrigated and dryland wheat production increased from 29.01 and 9.81 gj ha-1 in 1986 to 44...

This work provides an explanation for the puzzling trade-off between labor productivity and capital accumulation, occurred in Italian energy sector from the late 1980s onwards. By using a vector autoregressive model, we decompose labor productivity into technological and non technological shocks. We find that: (1) labor productivity responds positively to technological shocks, leading to a tran...

The purpose of this paper is to generate a wider acceptance of emergy analysis a decisionmaking tool in both the public and private sectors. The key to increasing the application of this powerful tool is to link it to productivity. Much of business and public policy decision-making is based on productivity and related efficiency measures. The productivity measures in common use today are narrow...

The rate at which the Earth’s surface receives high-utility energy from the Sun is 11,000 times as great as the rate at which humans use commercial energy. Despite this, 88 percent of the commercial energy used comes from non-renewable, fossil-fuel sources. Fossil fuel use each year adds 3 percent more carbon-dioxide to the atmosphere than natural sinks can remove. The task for humans is to fin...

Productivity is an overall measure of the ability to produce a good or service. More specifically, productivity is the measure of how specified resources are managed to accomplish timely objectives as stated in terms of quantity and quality. Productivity may also be defined as an index that measures output (goods and services) relative to the input (labor, materials, energy, etc., used to produ...