A Framework for K–12 Science Education identifies eight science and engineering practices for K–12 classrooms. These practices, along with core ideas and crosscutting concepts, define our nation’s learning goals for science. An important advance from earlier standards (AAAS 1993, NRC 1996), these practices are clearly identified not as separate learning goals that define what students should kn...

Conventional sentiment analysis usually neglects semantic information between (sub-)clauses, as it merely implements so-called bag-of-words approaches, where the sentiment of individual words is aggregated independently of the document structure. Instead, we advance sentiment analysis by the use of rhetoric structure theory (RST), which provides a hierarchical representation of texts at documen...

Dialogues with knowledge based systems often are unsatisfactory to users, because they usually are exclusively oriented at the problem solving process. In contrast to that, naturally occuring domain-specific dialogues are structured in respect to a domain model. We extracted some heuristics which are a base for determining the discourse structure from a dialogue between an expert and novices. T...

Dialogues with knowledge based systems often are unsatisfactory to users, because they usually are exclusively oriented at the problem solving process. In contrast to that, naturally occuring domain-specific dialogues are structured in respect to a domain model. We extracted some heuristics which are a base for determining the discourse structure from a dialogue between an expert and novices. T...

Iterative life cycle models have become popular in software engineering, for example in agile development. In contrast, the waterfall model appears to prevail in manufacturing engineering disciplines. This includes aircraft engineering and Boeing’s project for developing its most recent passenger aircraft, the 777. The paper walks through the phases of the 777’s development and compares to iter...

The high percentage of international students currently enrolled in many graduate engineering programs in North America presents an additional pedagogical challenge for faculty. Many professors find that they are spending an inordinate amount of their time doing something that is not explicitly stated in their job descriptions—correcting the writing of their international students. This paper d...

The UCREL semantic analysis system (USAS) is a software tool for undertaking the automatic semantic analysis of English spoken and written data. This paper describes the software system, and the hierarchical semantic tag set containing 21 major discourse fields and 232 fine-grained semantic field tags. We discuss the manually constructed lexical resources on which the system relies, and the sev...

This paper presents a theory and a computational implementation for generating prosodically appropriate synthetic speech in response to database queries. Proper distinctions of contrast and emphasis are expressed in an intonation contour that is synthesized by rule under the control of a grammar, a discourse model, and a knowledge base. The theory is based on Combinatory Categorial Grammar, a f...

Practical problems of multimedia document production require software engineers to provide an effective framework for inter-professional work. The paper distinguishes between abstract and physical media and hence provides the basis for definitions of multiple media and multimedia and the context for reviewing content structures proven in other disciplines. Such structures can act as a guide for...