Enzymes are biological catalysts (also known as biocatalysts) that speed up biochemical reactions in living organisms, and which can be extracted from cells and then used to catalyse a wide range of commercially important processes. This chapter covers the basic principles of enzymology, such as classification, structure, kinetics and inhibition, and also provides an overview of industrial appl...

D-amino acids, different from the ubiquitous L-amino are recognized as “unnatural” amino acids. The applications of acids have drawn increasing interest researchers in recent years, and widely used various industries, including for food products, pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals. Inspired by prevalent applications, many synthetic methods been developed, which mainly divided into chemical...