Metabolic pathways must have coevolved with the corresponding enzyme gene sequences. However, the evolutionary dynamics ensuing from the interplay between metabolic networks and genomes is still poorly understood. Here, we present a computational model that generates putative evolutionary walks on the metabolic network using a parallel evolution of metabolic reactions and their catalyzing enzym...

pretreatment of adults of iraq strain of afhstephenst with a sub-letlial dose of pcrmethrin resulted in a 65% enliancemenl of tolerance to this insecticide. similarly, pre-exposure of dub-lpr larvae to a sub-lethal dose of pcrmethrin resulted in increased tolerance to pcrmethrin. for the sensitive ind-s strain, the inductive effect was smaller. tiie results of bioassays of resistant and suscept...

Text mining (TM) in the field of biology is fast becoming a routine analysis for the extraction and curation of biological entities (e.g., genes, proteins, simple chemicals) as well as their relationships. Due to the wide applicability of TM in situations involving complex relationships, it is valuable to apply TM to the extraction of metabolic interactions (i.e., enzyme and metabolite interact...

The fabrication of novel systems where enzymatic and metallic actives sites can be directly interacting represent a very fancy strategy for sustainable processes. One the new strategies goes to direct formation metal nanoparticles in situ on protein network as scaffold. This biological entity is key element because conserved its catalytic efficiency but induced final generation their structure....

this study investigates the oil extraction from pistacia khinjuk by the application of enzyme.artificial neural network (ann) and adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (anfis) were applied formodeling and prediction of oil extraction yield. 16 data points were collected and the ann was trained with onehidden layer using various numbers of neurons. a two-layered ann provides the best results, us...

The enzyme cellulase, a multienzyme complex made up of several proteins, catalyzes the conversion of cellulose to glucose in an enzymatic hydrolysis-based biomass-to-ethanol process. Production of cellulase enzyme proteins in large quantities using the fungus Trichoderma reesei requires understanding the dynamics of growth and enzyme production. The method of neural network parameter function m...

Enzymes shape cellular metabolism, are regulated, fast, and for most cases specific. Enzymes do not however prevent the parallel occurrence of non-enzymatic reactions. Non-enzymatic reactions were important for the evolution of metabolic pathways, but are retained as part of the modern metabolic network. They divide into unspecific chemical reactivity and specific reactions that occur either ex...

In an organism proteins perform many biological functions. In the metabolism they act as catalysts in a network of chemical reactions. Many biological functions are integrated through a network of interactions and their characterization is important to the understanding of the orchestrated mechanisms that underlie the machinery of life. In this work we propose a new description of the network o...