The minerals from which a soil is formed partly determine whether it is acid or alkaline. Soils formed from acidic rocks have a lower pH than those formed from basic rocks or alkaline parent material. Rainfall affects soil acidity development by leaching basic elements such as calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium from the soil profile, leaving the acidic elements: hydrogen, aluminum and ma...

INTRODUCTION The rocks on the Greek island of Syros are part of a suite of high pressure metamorphic rocks which outcrop all across the Cyclades. There is a complex metamorphic history recorded in the rocks here, including a Cretaceous or Eocene high-pressure blueschist event and a Miocene, extension-related greenschist overprint. The Island of Syros is mostly composed of schists , which altern...

Mature, synrift lacustrine shales of Eocene to Oligocene age and mature, late-rift coals and coaly shales of Oligocene to Miocene age are source rocks for oil and gas in two important petroleum systems of the onshore and offshore areas of the Northwest Java Basin. Biogenic gas and carbonate-sourced gas have also been identified. These hydrocarbons are trapped primarily in anticlines and fault b...

salafchegan-khorhe volcanic rocks are exposed within urumieh-dokhtar magmatic belt. different kinds of volcanic and subvolcanic rocks of calc-alkaline to alkaline character have been reported throughout this magmatic belt. since, isotopic investigations are very useful for detection of magma petrogenesis and because no isotopic studies have been done in this area, so a geochemical and isotopic ...

The Proterozoic eon is characterized by an unusual abundance of ferroan feldspathic rocks that range in composition from granite to quartz syenites to feldspathoid-bearing syenites. Three associations of ferroan rocks may be recognized on the basis of major element compositions: (1) metaluminous alkalic to alkali-calcic syenites and granites associated with anorthosites and iron-rich basaltic r...

A new fossil showing affinities with extant Laemanctus offers the first clear evidence for a casquehead lizard (Corytophanidae) from the Eocene of North America. Along with Geiseltaliellus from roughly coeval rocks in central Europe, the new find further documents the tropical fauna present during greenhouse conditions in the northern mid-latitudes approximately 50 million years ago (Ma). Moder...

The carbonatite problem can be stated as follows: Are carbonatites genetically related to sedimentary carbonate rocks, or are they derived from a silicate parent material? The isotopic composition of strontium in 21 carbonatites and in several related alkaline rocks has been determined. The mean Sr87/$r86 ratio for the 21 carbonatites is 0.7065 + 0.0003. The Sr87/sr86 ratios of sedimentary carb...