To determine the effects of EPA, stearidonic acid (STA) or gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) on immune outcomes, healthy male subjects consumed one of seven oil blends for 12 weeks. EPA consumption increased the EPA content of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Consumption of GLA (2.0 g/d) in the absence of STA or EPA increased di-homo-GLA content in PBMC. Neither STA nor its derivative 20 : 4...

Dietary supplementation with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) improves the prognosis of chronic inflammatory diseases, including atherosclerosis. The mechanism underlying these beneficial effects, however, remains to be elucidated. Here we show that EPA protects endothelial cells from anoikis through upregulation of the cellular FLICE (Fas-associating protein with death domain-like interleukin-1-con...

Treatment with the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) exerts cardioprotective effects, and suppresses Ca2+-induced opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP). These effects are associated with increased DHA and EPA, and lower arachidonic acid (ARA) in cardiac phospholipids. While clinical studies suggest t...

Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) is an antimicrobial recognized for its disinfectant properties since the early 1900's (EPA, 2005). This compound effectively kills microorganisms including bacteria, viruses or fungi on inanimate objects, foods, and other surfaces (EPA, 2005). Chlorine dioxide can be generated in a gas or liquid form and smells like chlorine bleach (EPA, 2005). In 1967, the Environmental...

During long-term dietary n-3 fatty acid supplementation, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is not incorporated into phosphatidylinositol or -serine of human platelets in vivo and is not detectable in phosphatidic acid upon stimulation with thrombin. However, EPA is released from platelet phospholipids and metabolized to thromboxane B3 (TXB3). In contrast, in vitro, platelets incorporate [14C]EPA into...

OBJECTIVE It has recently been highlighted that proinflammatory (M1) macrophages predominate over anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophages in obesity, thereby contributing to obesity-induced adipose inflammation and insulin resistance. A recent clinical trial revealed that highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) reduces the incidence of major coronary events. In this study, we examined the effect...

Objective Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) have been reported to have beneficial effects in patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Although DHA and EPA have different mechanisms of action, no study to date has assessed their individual actions in patients with IgAN. This study therefore analyzed the effects administering DHA in addition to EPA for the treatment of IgAN....

A low expense process is developed for recovering esterified eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) from microalgae and fish oil. Over 70% of the EPA content in the esterified crude extract of microalgae were recovered at purities exceeding 90%. The recovery scheme utilizes either wet or freeze-dried algal biomass. The process consists of only three main steps: 1) simultaneous extraction and transesterifi...

Omega-3 (omega-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) found in marine fish oils are known to suppress inflammation associated with a wide variety of diseases. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is one of the most abundant omega-3 fatty acids in fish oil, but the mechanism(s) by which EPA exerts its beneficial effects is unknown. Recent studies, however, have demonstrated that oxidized EPA, rather than...