The aim of the study was to determine the distribution of different volumes of methylene blue solution injected into the epidural space in anaesthetized pregnant and non-pregnant sheep, to evaluate its cranial distribution and to compare between them. Fifteen pregnant and fifteen non-pregnant sheep were included in the study. Sheep were anaesthetized and received 0.05, 0.1, or 0.2 mL/kg of a lu...

Background & Aim: Although most patients experience severe pain after major spinal fixation surgery, little attention has been paid to control it with a multi-modal approach. The aim of this study is to select appropriate method of pain management after spinal surgery. Methods & Materials/Patients: This study was a randomized clinically controlled trial in candidates of spondylolisthesis and...

BACKGROUND Accidental dural puncture during epidural blockade is a rare complication. Since postdural puncture headache (PDPH) is the most frequent complication, a wisely management method will also reduce the incidence of PDPH. METHODS Five patients who had inadvertent dural puncture during the epidural procedure before hip or knee arthroplasty were included in this study. After dural punctu...

results first needle placement without imaging resulted in blood return in 1/199 participants and positive epidurography in 179/199 (90%). minimal needle repositioning resulted in a positive epidurogram in the remaining 19 attempts. no intravascular injection patterns were observed. conclusions this compares favorably to published success rates of fluoroscopically-guided technique and was well ...

The aim of this study was to determine whether anesthesia consisting of sedation induced by intramuscular administration of xylazine-diazepam and lumbosacral analgesia induced by epidural administration of lidocaine and xylazine is satisfactory for castration and ovariohysterectomy in cats. Six adult (3 male and 3 female, 2.5 ± 0.5 years of age) cats (mean body weight ± SD, 2.2 ± 0.44 kg) were ...

A 68-year-old woman suffered from lower back and radiating pain on her right buttock and posterior calf. Axial magnetic resonance imaging showed a 7 × 7 mm nodular lesion (T1 and, T2 low signal intensity) at the epidural space between the L5-S1 level and computed tomography revealed it was an epidural gas cyst. The authors performed an epidural block and percutaneous needle aspiration of the ep...

OBJECTIVES To investigate the accuracy of placement of epidural injections using the lumbar and caudal approaches. To identify which factors, if any, predicted successful placement. METHODS 200 consecutive patients referred to a pain clinic for an epidural injection of steroid were randomly allocated to one of two groups. Group L had a lumbar approach to the epidural space and group C a cauda...

We describe the case of a 40-year-old man with spontaneous intracranial hypotension who presented with cervical radiculopathy associated with epidural venous engorgement. Epidural venous engorgement can occur secondary to intracranial hypotension and manifests intracranially as pachymeningeal venous engorgement. In the cervical spine, two cases of epidural venous engorgement due to intracranial...

OBJECTIVES The spring-loaded syringe is a loss of resistance syringe that provide a more objective sign that the epidural space has been entered compared with the traditional techniques. The aim of this study was to compare the time required to locate the epidural space and the backache incidence with the spring-loaded (SL), loss of resistance (LOR) and the hanging drop (HD) techniques for epid...

A 32-year-old parturient requested epidural analgesia for labor. A lumbar epidural block was performed at the L1-2 interspace. Thirty minutes after the loading dose of the local anesthetic mixture, she suffered numbness in both arms and high sensory block up to the C6 dermatome without significant motor blockade. The retained epidural catheter was later confirmed radiologically to be in the sub...