Parrondo's paradox occurs in sequences of games in which a winning expectation may be obtained by playing the games in a random order, even though each game in the sequence may be lost when played individually. Several variations of Parrondo's games apparently with paradoxical property have been introduced; history dependence, one dimensional line, two dimensional lattice and so on. In this art...

What value should we put on chances? This paper examines the hypothesis that, contra the widely accepted theory of von Neumann and Morgenstern, chances can have diminishing marginal value. The hypothesis is defended by showing that it can be used to explain both the typical pattern of preferences observed in the Ellsberg paradox and the intuition that lotteries are the best way to distribute in...

This paper explains the studies of recent years on development of EPR system and the project risk and then illustrates respectively the external risks and internal risks of EPR project based on the theory. Taking the EPR project of G company the author actually took part in as an example, the author firstly applies fuzzy evaluating method to evaluate project risks and draw a clear distinction b...

Any theory of truth must find a way around Curry’s paradox, and there are well-known ways to do so. This paper concerns an apparently analogous paradox, about validity rather than truth, which JC Beall and Julien Murzi (“Two Flavor’s of Curry’s Paradox”) call the v-Curry. They argue that there are reasons to want a common solution to it and the standard Curry paradox, and that this rules out th...

The need to access information across different levels of the health care system has prompted attention to standardising electronic patient record (EPR) systems. However, this has proven extremely difficult to achieve. One reason is that much structuring of the EPR content translates into the need to standardise related routines and practices. In this paper, we demonstrate that the Norwegian na...

In this letter, it is argued that the correct counting of microstates is obtained from the very beginning when using Newtonian rather than Laplacian state functions, because the former are intrinsically permutation invariant.

Pollock’s concepts of reasons and defeaters have been widely adopted, but his anti-probabilistic treatment of argument strength less so. After an explanation of how Pollock’s concerns can be addressed probabilistically, the paper continues with a formal treatment of reasons, defeaters, and argument strength, while remaining within standard probability theory and its underlying classical logic. ...

für Naturforschung in cooperation with the Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Dieses Werk wurde im Jahr 2013 vom Verlag Zeitschrift für Naturforschung in Zusammenarbeit mit der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. digitalisiert und unter folgender Lizenz veröffentlicht: Creative Commons Namen...

Consider the regularity thesis that each possible event has non-zero probability. Hájek challenges this in two ways: (a) there can be nonmeasurable events that have no probability at all and (b) on a large enough sample space, some probabilities will have to be zero. But arguments for the existence of nonmeasurable events depend on the Axiom of Choice (AC). We shall show that the existence of a...

This work briefly introduces the evaluation of the agnes zwei app, a mobile electronic patient record system for Android tablets that has been developed as working appliance for agnes zwei nurses. Such nurses are a new form of healthcare professional, working as a doctor’s right hand with a special training in case-management. The app has been evaluated during a three month field test with six ...