The hypothesis that synaptic excitation in the CA1 region of the hippocampus is mediated in part by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors was tested using intra- and extracellular recording techniques. Synaptic potentials elicited by stratum radiatum stimulation were examined in individual neurons before and after bath application of the NMDA receptor antagonist, DL-2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate ...

We have analyzed expression from deletion derivatives of the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) 5[prime]-upstream region in transgenic petunia flowers and seedlings. In seedlings, expression was strongest in root cortex cells and in trichomes. High-level expression in petals and in seedling roots was conferred by large (>500 base-pair) stretches of sequence, but was lost when s...

Neurons receive thousands of synaptic inputs throughout elaborate dendritic trees. Here we determine the somatic impact of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) generated at known dendritic sites in neocortical pyramidal neurons. As inputs became more distal, somatic EPSP amplitude decreased, whereas use-dependent depression increased. Despite marked attenuation (>40-fold), when coactivate...

Activity-driven modifications in synaptic connections between neurons in the neocortex may occur during development and learning. In dual whole-cell voltage recordings from pyramidal neurons, the coincidence of postsynaptic action potentials (APs) and unitary excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) was found to induce changes in EPSPs. Their average amplitudes were differentially up- or down...

Site-directed mutagenesis (SDM) as a powerful technique was used to change two important and conserved amino acids in 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3- phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene of E. coli. The mutations changed glycine 96 to alanine and alanine 183 to threonine. These two amino acids are very important for intraction of the wide spectrum herbicide, glyphosate, to EPSP synthase enzymes. By design...

Varicosities immunoreactive for nitric oxide synthase (NOS) make synaptic connections with submucosal neurons in the guinea-pig small intestine, but the effects of nitric oxide (NO) on these neurons are unknown. We used intracellular recording to characterize effects of sodium nitroprusside (SNP, NO donor) and nitro-l-arginine (NOLA, NOS inhibitor), on inhibitory synaptic potentials (IPSPs), sl...

Sensory neurons with small diameters (A delta and C cells) are known to be responsive to exogenous NGF even at postnatal stages. We have examined whether large Group Ia sensory neurons (A alpha cells) arising from muscle spindles are also responsive to NGF in neonatal rats. For this purpose, monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) were evoked in spinal motoneurons by Group Ia mu...

due to ever-increasing global diffusion and related socio-economic implications, the detectionof genetically modified organisms (gmos) is very important. in this study, we design a plasmidcontaining two genes in mutated form as construct-specific (cp4 epsps) and event-specific(pd35s). it is applied for quantitative-competitor (qc) pcr as a simple and reliable method forthe detection of gm food....

Neocortical layer 5 pyramidal neurons possess long apical dendrites that receive a significant portion of the neurons excitatory synaptic input. Passive neuronal models indicate that the time course of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) generated in the apical dendrite will be prolonged as they propagate toward the soma. EPSP propagation may, however, be influenced by the recruitment of...