in this study, an in-house multi-dimensional code has been developed which simulates the combustion of n-heptane in a homogeneous charge compression ignition (hcci) engine. it couples the flow field computations with detailed chemical kinetic scheme which involves the multi-reactions equations. a chemical kinetic scheme solver has been developed and coupled for solving the chemical reactions an...

Two-dimensional simulations of the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability with re-shock are carried out based on the single-mode Mach 1.21 air/SF6 shock tube experiments of Collins and Jacobs. A second-order accurate MUSCL-Hancock scheme and several high-order WENO schemes are used for shock capturing along with a gamma-based model for interface capturing to allow for the stable and accurate representat...

In this paper we investigate the Lipschitz equivalence of dust-like self-similar sets in Rd. One of the fundamental results by Falconer and Marsh [On the Lipschitz equivalence of Cantor sets, Mathematika, 39 (1992), 223– 233] establishes conditions for Lipschitz equivalence based on the algebraic properties of the contraction ratios of the self-similar sets. In this paper we extend the study by...

In this paper, we establish some connections between the concept of an equivalence of categories and that of an equivalence in a bicategory. Its main result builds upon the observation that two closely related concepts, which could both play the role of an equivalence in a bicategory, turn out not to coincide. Two counterexamples are provided for that goal, and detailed proofs are given. In par...

In this study, thermochemical biomass gasification was performed on a bench-scale fluidized-bed gasifier with steam and air as fluidizing and oxidizing agents. Distillers grains, a non-fermentable byproduct of ethanol production, were used as the biomass feedstock for the gasification. The goal was to investigate the effects of furnace temperature, steam to biomass ratio and equivalence ratio o...

In order to analyze the effect of hydrogen rich gas addition (HRG) on lean burn engine’s thermal efficiency and emission, an experimental research was conducted on a gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine using definite fraction of HRG. The results showed that HRG addition could significantly extend the lean operation limit, improve the engine’s lean burn ability, and decrease burn duration. HR...

A computational study is performed to investigate the effects of mixture composition oscillations on a strained premixed methane/air flame. The problem is of practical relevance in direct-injection spark-ignition (DISI) engines and gas-turbines, in which premixed flames propagate through temporally and spatially stratified mixture field. The primary focus of the study is to identify the dynamic...

Blast furnace gas is the byproduct of smelting steel production process, and is the important secondary energy source. It is can be used as fuel for engines to generate electricity for most middle and small steel enterprises. In order to understand the combustion mechanism and provide the basis for the design of blast furnace gas engine,premixed laminar combustion experiments of the blast furna...

in this paper, we define the concepts of a complex fuzzy subset and a complex fuzzy finite state automaton. then we extend the notion of a complex fuzzy finite state automaton and introduce the notion of a general complex fuzzy automaton. after that we define the concept of a max- min general complex fuzzy automaton and construct some equivalence relations and some congruence relations in a max...

Students with learning disabilities (LD) specific to mathematics historically underperform in foundational content such as rational number equivalence. This study examined the strategy usage and multiplicative thinking of three third grade children (i.e., Bill, a child identified as having a learning disability specific to mathematics, Carl, a child labeled as low achieving in mathematics, and ...