Energy versus magnetic-field diagram of the spin-1 Haldane system with an impurity bond is studied in terms of spin-1/2 degree of freedom at the sites neighboring the impurity bond by means of analytical method. We examine the equivalence between the realistic Hamiltonian and the phenomenological Hamiltonian which is composed two spin-1/2 spins representing the spin-1/2 degree of freedom. It is...

The combination of H2C═NH and cis-1,3-butadiene to form a six-membered ring was examined by quantum calculations. The energy barrier for this reaction is substantially lowered by the introduction of an imidazolium catalyst with either a H or halogen (X) atom in the 2-position, which acts via a H or halogen bond to the N atom of the imine, respectively. X = I has the largest effect, and Cl the s...

Spot Rate Models 3 Equivalent Martingale Measure (Reference Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Spot Rate Models: Ideas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 The Bond Price Equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Inversion of the Yield Curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Affine Term Structure Mo...

The chemical bond and structural features for the most important classes of solid products obtained by reacting chalcogen donors with dihalogens and interhalogens are reviewed. Particular attention is paid to the information the FT-Raman spectroscopy can confidently give about each structural motif considered in the absence of X-ray structural analyses.

Moisture contamination of etched enamel during application of sealant is the most frequently cited reason for sealant failure. In preliminary studies, a dentin bonding agent (Scotchbond Dual Cure, 3M, St. Paul, MN) has been shown to bond adequately to etched enamel after salivary contamination. This study investigated bond strength in vitro, when a bonding agent was used beneath sealants under ...

This research paper basically explores and compares the different modeling and analysis techniques and than it also explores the model order reduction approach and significance. The traditional modeling and simulation techniques for dynamic systems are generally adequate for single-domain systems only, but the Bond Graph technique provides new strategies for reliable solutions of multi-domain s...

We have devised a novel 1,3-benzdiyne equivalent, capable of quadruple functionalization by sequential benzyne generation and reaction with arynophiles. The key features of this method include the chemoselective generation of two triple bonds in a single benzene ring under fluoride-mediated mild conditions, and the regiocontrol of each benzyne reaction by the substituent next to the triple bond...

Many different concepts of percolation exist for networks. We show that bond percolation, site percolation, k-core percolation, and bootstrap percolation are all special cases of the Watts Threshold model. We show that the “heterogeneous k-core” and a corresponding heterogeneous bootstrap model are equivalent to one another and the Watts Threshold Model. A more recent model of a “Generalized Ep...