Autonomic neuropathies are normally subclinical in diabetic children and adolescents, but in poorly controlled patients may be extremely symptomatic [1]. Gastrointestinal (GI) autonomic dysfunction may include esophageal dysmotility, gastroparesis, dysfunction of intestinal neurons, and decreased/absence of gastrocolic reflex [1, 2]. We report a case of a diabetic boy who had a severe GI dysaut...

Excess absorption of fluid distention media remains an unpredictable complication of operative hysteroscopy and may lead to lethal conditions. We report an extreme hyponatremia, caused by using an electrolyte-free 5 : 1 sorbitol/mannitol solution as distention/irrigation fluid for hysteroscopic myomectomy. A 34-year-old female developed severe pulmonary edema and extreme hyponatremia (83 mmol/L...

We report a rare case of iliac vein compression syndrome caused by urethral calculus. A 71-year-old man had a history of urethral stenosis. He complained of bilateral leg edema and dysuria for 1 week. Physical examination revealed bilateral distention of the superficial epigastric veins, so obstruction of both common iliac veins or the inferior vena cava was suspected. Plain abdominal computed ...

introduction: recently, hydrogen sulfide has been introduced as the third gas that acts as a transmitter. it has many physiological and pharmacological roles in the human body. the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of exogenously administered and endogenously produced h2s on the basal and distention-induced gastric acid secretion in rats. methods: forty-nine male wistar rat...

hydrogen sulfide (h2s) has been shown to protect the gastric mucosa through several protective mechanisms but till now its effect on mrna expression of sodium bicarbonate cotransporter 1 (nbc1), trefoil factor1 (tff1) and trefoil factor2 (tff2) was not investigated. this study was aimed to evaluate the effect of h2s on mrna expression of nbc1, tff1 and tff2 in rat gastric mucosa in response to ...

introduction: caustic ingestion is responsible for a spectrum of upper gastrointestinal tract injury from self-limited to perforation. this study conducted to evaluate clinical characteristics as well as surgical outcomes in patients with caustic ingestion.   materials and methods: between nov1993 to march 2011, 14 adults with a clinical evidence of corrosive ingestion were admitted into our in...

An animal's response to a stimulus depends on many factors such as age, hormonal state, experience, and its behavioral state. For example, an animal may suppress a behavior that is inappropriate or incompatible with its current state. In this study, we show that, as a medicinal leech feeds, the distention that it incurs inhibits its expression of swimming. Distention slows the swimming pattern ...