In the past decade, interest and knowledge in the role of estrogen in male reproduction and fertility has gained significant momentum. More recently, the cellular distribution and activity of estrogen receptors (alpha and beta)(ER) and aromatase (estrogen synthesis) has been reported in the penis, making the penis the latest "frontier" in the study of estrogen in male reproduction. ER and aroma...

1. Abstract 2. Introduction 2.1. Estrogen receptor (ER) bioactivity in breast cancer cells 2.2. ER alpha and beta 2.3. Antiestrogens and the regulation of ER bioactivity in breast cancer cells 2.4. Detoxifying enzymes and chemoprotection against cancer 2.5. Regulation of the expression of detoxifying enzymes 2.6. Metabolism of estrogens 2.7. Role of estrogen metabolites in carcinogenesis 3. Reg...

The present review focuses on the effect of aging flow-mediated outward remodeling (FMR) via alterations in estrogen metabolism, oxidative stress and inflammation. In ischemic disorders, ability vasculature to adapt or remodel determines quality recovery. FMR, which has a key role revascularization, is complex phenomenon that recruits endothelial smooth muscle cells as well immune system. FMR b...

The primary induced isoflavones in soybean, the glyceollins, have been shown to be potent estrogen antagonists in vitro and in vivo. The discovery of the glyceollins' ability to inhibit cancer cell proliferation has led to the analysis of estrogenic activities of other induced isoflavones. In this study, we investigated a novel isoflavone, glycinol, a precursor to glyceollin that is produced in...

background: vitamin d plays a critical role in the regulation of growth and differentiation of squamous epithelium. the pleiotropic effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 [1,25(oh)2d3], include proliferative, pro-apoptotic, and pro-differentiation effects on numerous cell types. although 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 is involved in the regulation and differentiation of epithelium, there is no data in t...

We examined protein kinase C (PKC) in the regulation of breast cancer cells by estrogen. Estrogen receptor (ER)- positive (+) MCF-7 and ER-negative (-) HCC38 cells were treated with 17 beta-estradiol (E(2)) or E(2)-BSA, which cannot enter the cell. E(2) and E(2)-BSA rapidly increased PKC-alpha in both cells via phosphatidylinositol-dependent phospholipase C and G protein, but not phospholipase ...

Epidemiological data suggest a protective effect for estrogen replacement therapy on colon cancer. The estrogen receptor (ER) is required for the action of estrogen. The ER-beta isoform is functionally similar to ER-alpha but has a distinct pattern of expression and transcriptional response to selective estrogen response modulators. Our goal was to investigate the presence of ER-alpha and ER-be...

BACKGROUND To assess the impact of luteal phase support on the expression of estrogen receptor (ER) alpha and progesterone receptors B (PR-B) on the endometrium of oocyte donors undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH). METHODS A prospective, randomized study was conducted in women undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation for oocyte donation. Participants were randomized to ...

Estrogen receptor beta (ER beta) is a novel steroid receptor that is expressed in rat prostate and ovary. We have cloned the mouse homolog of ER beta and mapped the gene, designated Estrb, to the central region of chromosome 12. The cDNA encodes a protein of 485 amino acids that shares, respectively, 97% and 60% identity with the DNA- and ligand-binding domains of mouse (m) ER alpha. Mouse ER b...

Background: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), occurs mostly in women and sex hormones may play a role in the pathogenesis and clinical course. The objective of this study was to determine the status and prevalence of estrogen and progesterone receptors in PTC with regard to age, gender, tumor size and lymph node involvement. Methods: Immunohistochemical stains were performed on 92 tissue bl...