This document describes the Ethernet Automatic Protection Switching (EAPS) (tm) technology invented by Extreme Networks to increase the availability and robustness of Ethernet rings. An Ethernet ring built using EAPS can have resilience comparable to that provided by SONET rings, at a lower cost and with fewer constraints (e.g., ring size).

Ethernet is now conquering the field level in automation technology. Realtime behavior is a knock-out criterion therefore. This paper deals with the key concepts for guaranteed realtime behavior using Ethernet, based on the requirements of factory automation. A classification of the vendor-driven approaches that are currently under discussion for realtime Ethernet is provided.

This paper aims to establish an Arduino and IoT-based Hierarchical Multi-Agent System (HMAS) for management of loads’ side with incentive approach in a micro-grid. In this study, the performance of the proposed algorithm in a micro-grid has been verified. The micro-grid contains a battery energy storage system (BESS) and different types of loads known as residential consumer (RC), commercial co...

The rapid increase of mobile data subscribers and deployment of broadband radio access networks push mobile operators to upgrade their mobile backhaul from expensive legacy TDM transport to carrier Ethernet for cheaper operational expenditures. The Metro Ethernet Forum has defined a set of Ethernet Virtual Connection services that are adopted to provide scalable Ethernet transport for mobile ba...

Since its conception by Xerox in the mid-seventies and standardization as IEEE 802.3 in 1983, Ethernet has become the de facto standard for computer communication in the business world. Ethernet networks have evolved from coaxial cable-based systems delivering 3-Mbps performance to systems built from unshielded twisted pair (Cat5 UTP) cables that can deliver high reliability, low cost, and 100-...

The requirements for ALMA M&C, spelled out in [2], include certain levels of determinism that Ethernet cannot guarantee. The use of a master/slave protocol will guarantee a maximum latency for an M&C transaction when used with either CAN or Ethernet. Ethernet has been used with deterministic higher layer protocols such as token rings, but these are declining in use. CAN, however, is naturally m...

Ethernet has become increasingly popular in automation, due to its easy integration with other networks but also for its low costs and commercial availability. Characteristics like real-time capabilities required in automation have also been added and now form Industrial Ethernet allowing its deployment in application areas formerly reserved for dedicated fieldbus systems. Due to the vertical i...

In the recent years, there is a strong interest of using switched Ethernet in factory automation. The switched Ethernet offers many attractive features such as large throughput, traffic isolation and full-duplex links. However, although using full-duplex switched Ethernet can limit the collisions to each port, the real-time features may be affected due to the collisions on an output port.This p...

This article describes Ethernet Passive Optical Networks (EPONs), an emerging local subscriber access architecture that combines low cost point-to-multipoint fiber infrastructure with Ethernet. EPONs are designed to carry Ethernet frames at standard Ethernet rates. EPONs use a single trunk fiber that extends from a central office to a passive optical splitter, which then fans out to multiple op...

Gigabit Ethernet has become the main cluster interconnection for its low price and well backward compatibility. But the communication performance through Gigabit Ethernet is quite disappointing due to its performance discrepancies between the hardware and the communication software. To achieve over two-third physical bandwidth of a gigabit network interface, zero-copy protocol architecture is a...