Demand among graduate and postdoctoral trainees for international research experience brings together students and investigators from increasingly diverse cultural backgrounds around the world. Educators in research ethics and scientific integrity need to address the cultural aspects of both science and ethics to help all trainees learn ethical practices for effective collaboration with a diver...

The authors review the principle features of the managed care system in an effort to understand the ethical assumptions inherent in managed care. The interrelationships among physician incentives, responsibilities of patients and the physician-patient relationship are examined in light of the ethical concerns identified in the managed care system. The managed care system creates ethical tension...

Th is title is set to achieve two goals. Firstly, to explain reasons and motives for character education, secondly, to actualise the approach of Fritz Jahr in the conception of contents, methodology of implementation and methods of evaluation in bioethics education of future medical and health service providers. Th e realisation of the fi rst goal leads to an explanation of institutional and no...

Here I inquire into the status of the rules promulgated in the canonical pronouncements on human subjects research, such as the Declaration of Helsinki and the Belmont Report. The question is whether they are ethical rules or rules of policy. An ethical rule is supposed to accurately reflect the ethical fact (the fact that the action the rule prescribes is ethically obligatory), whereas rules o...

This note examines the EU’s efforts to regulate gene therapy, considering the Union’s resolve to establish scientifically, economically, and morally sound parameters acceptable to its varied constituency. This includes discussion of legal and ethical considerations, biotechnology goals in the EU, and EU-wide uniform regulations. THE DEVELOPMENT OF REGULATORY STANDARDS FOR GENE THERAPY IN THE EU...

During medical training, students obtain enough skills and knowledge. However, medical ethics accomplishes its goals when, together with training medical courses, it guides students behavior towards morality so that ethics-oriented medical practice is internalized. Medical ethics is a branch of applied ethics which tries to introduce ethics into physicians' practice and ethical decisions; thus,...

There is a consensus emerging on the importance of upstream ethical engagement in nanobiotechnology. Such a preventive ethic would anticipate downstream concerns that might arise and mitigate them as part of the research and development process. However, there is an unappreciated tension between the time horizon of upstream ethics and that assumed by most bioethical research. Current standards ...

The paper presents the structure and function of an ethical micro world simulation and of a support system in ethical problem-solving and decision-making. The ethical micro world simulation models realistic scenarios with interacting independent stakeholders. Users of the simulation are triggered to make autonomous decisions in dilemmas arising in the interaction between stakeholders. The goals...

Clinical ethics is a practical discipline that provides a structured approach for identifying—,analyzing, and resolving ethical issues in clinical medicine. The practice of good clinical medicine requires a working knowledge about ethical issues, such as informed consent, truth telling, confidentiality, end-of-life care, pain relief, and patient rights. Medicine, even at its most technical and ...

the goals of the 3Rs (replacing animals with non-animals (or animals of lower sentience), reduction in the number of animals used, and refining procedures so less harm is caused to the animals that are used) have gained wide acceptance over the 50 years since they were first proposed. These goals are now widely known and generally well accepted, both among institutions using animals in research...