2 All physicians are expected to be " ethical " practitioners and researchers who are familiar with key elements that underlie ethical practice, but many have not had formal courses or reviewed the literature on biomedical ethics for several years. As a consequence, practitioners and researchers may fail to consider ethical issues in their practice and are sometimes uncomfortable when asked to ...

abstract background: ethics was discussed for many years in medical ethics through rules, theories, hypothesis and religious. there are some organs in iran that working on ethics. department of medical science is one of them that has his own instructions on ethics. this study aims to review some of the challengeable issues in medicine. conclusion: department of ethics in iranian academy of medi...

The article provides answers to comments in this journal on my recent book, Setting Health-Care Priorities. What Ethical Theories Tell Us (Oxford University Press, 2019). Did I address all of the relevant theories? Yes, did. Was argument underdeveloped any respects? at least one as should perhaps have discussed contractual ethical thinking more carefully. do so response. Moreover, critical rais...

This research investigated the link between ethical leadership and performance using data from the People’s Republic of China. Consistent with social exchange, social learning, and social identity theories, we examined leader–member exchange (LMX), self-efficacy, and organizational identification as mediators of the ethical leadership to performance relationship. Results from 72 supervisors and...

Interventions with offenders have a normative layer as well as a scientific basis and therefore it is not possible to quarantine ethical questions from discussions of best practice. My aim in this paper is to provide an expanded ethical canvass from which to approach correctional practice with offenders. The cornerstone of this broader ethical perspective will be the concept of human dignity an...

I argue that evolutionary strategies of kin selection and game-theoretic reciprocity are apt to generate agent-centered and agentneutral moral intuitions, respectively. Such intuitions are the building blocks of moral theories, resulting in a fundamental schism between agent-centered theories on the one hand and agentneutral theories on the other. An agent-neutral moral theory is one according ...

Several theories, both ancient and recent, suggest that having the time to contemplate a decision should increase moral awareness and the likelihood of ethical choices. Our findings indicated just the opposite: greater time for deliberation led to less ethical decisions. Post-hoc analyses and a followup experiment suggested that decision-makers act as if their previous choices have created or l...

In most cases, we think that what settles what act it is right to perform is sensitive to what we take the facts about the world to be. But those facts include many controversial metaphysical claims about the world. I argue that depending on what metaphysical model we take to be correct, we will have very different views about what the right actions are. In particular, I argue that if a particu...

Machine ethics, in contrast to computer ethics, is concerned with the behavior of machines towards human users and other machines. It involves adding an ethical dimension to machines. Our increasing reliance on machine intelligence that effects change in the world can be dangerous without some restraint. We explore the implementation of two action-based ethical theories that might serve as a fo...

Over the years, online healthcare has become a crucial part of the healthcare sector as there is growing interest amongst people for using the Internet to access health-related information and services. In spite of many benefits of online healthcare, its quality is a cause of concern as the consequences of inaccurate and misleading information could be dangerous. With the advancement in informa...