Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) covers a wide array of related life-threatening conditions featuring ineffective immunity characterized by an uncontrolled hyperinflammatory response. HLH is often triggered by infection. Familial forms result from genetic defects in natural killer cells and cytotoxic T-cells, typically affecting perforin and intracellular vesicles. HLH is likely under-r...

Diarrhea is one of the most common symptoms of illness in pediatric practice. It usually appears in the form of acute diarrhea, but it may also progress to a chronic state. The differential diagnosis of chronic diarrhea is very extensive (Table 1). Regardless of specific etiology, the major pathogenetic mechanisms are osmotic diarrhea, increased intestinal secretion, inhibition of active ion ab...

Neonatal jaundice is seen in up to 60% of full-term infants and 80% of preterm infants during the first week of life. While it is often considered as a single clinical entity, neonatal jaundice is a physical finding associated with many possible etiologies. Jaundice is observed when the pigment bilirubin accumulates in the skin, sclera and other tissues. The importance of correctly identifying ...

Out of 64 patients diagnosed with urticarial vasculitis (UV), 49 (76.6%) presented with their first attack of UV. The others experienced recurrent attacks with a mean number of 3.3 past recurrences. Fifteen patients had angioedema (23.4%) and 16 (25%) suffered systemic involvement. The most common abnormal laboratory finding was an increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Six of 62 patients (9...