Diagnostic errors are common and can often be traced to physicians’ cognitive biases and failed heuristics (mental shortcuts). A great deal is known about how these faulty thinking processes lead to error, but little is known about how to prevent them. Faulty thinking plagues other high-risk, high-reliability professions, such as airline pilots and nuclear plant operators, but these professions...

INTRODUCTION The aim of the study presented here was to evaluate the reliability of an OSPE end-of-semester exam in the phantom course for operative dentistry in Frankfurt am Main taking into consideration different modes of evaluation (examiner's checklist versus instructor's manual) and number of examiners (three versus four). METHODS In an historic, monocentric, comparative study, two diff...

abstract health economic evaluation research plays an important role in selecting cost-effective interventions. the purpose of this study was to assess the quality of published articles in iranian journals related to economic evaluation in health care programs based on drummond’s checklist in terms of numbers, features, and quality. in the present review study, published articles (persian and e...

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to develop the GRIPP (Guidance for Reporting Involvement of Patients and Public) checklist to enhance the quality of PPI reporting. METHODS Thematic analysis was used to synthesize key issues relating to patient and public involvement (PPI) identified in the PIRICOM and PAPIRIS systematic reviews. These issues informed the development of the GRIPP checklis...

BACKGROUND The grading of recommendation, assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE) approach is widely implemented in health technology assessment and guideline development organisations throughout the world. GRADE provides a transparent approach to reaching judgements about the quality of evidence on the effects of a health care intervention, but is complex and therefore challenging to ap...

OBJECTIVE It is unclear which items of the WHO surgical safety checklist are most -crucial for producing its associated benefits. Thoughtless modification, especially removing items, can therefore potentially lead to reduced effectiveness of the instrument. This study describes the modifications made by Belgian hospitals. METHODS An online survey was used to find out which checklists are used...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to advance a checklist of evaluative criteria designed to assess patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures' developmental measurement properties and applicability, which can be used by systematic reviewers, researchers, and clinicians with a varied range of expertise in psychometric measure development methodology. METHODS A directed literature search wa...

This paper provides an overview of current thinking about the use of scientific findings in policy making about environmental issues. As Funtowicz and Ravetz [14] have pointed out, issues of global environmental change differ from “traditional scientific problems”, because they are global in scale and have long-term impacts, data are generally inadequate and the phenomena are complex and not we...