Provide a healthy diet is one of the major health challenges in the world to maintain health and nutritional status of populations. In this reason, new control strategies such as probiotics have been applied as prophylactic and therapeutic instead of antibiotics. In the same line, probiotics have antagonistic effects to various microorganisms proposed in several mechanisms including improvement...

Objectives: There are various developmental screening tools that are different in terms of psychometric characteristics and choosing the best one is challenging for the pediatrician. This research was designed to identify the validity and reliability of Parents Evaluation of Developmental Status, a developmental screening questionnaire, in 4-60 months-old children in the city of Tehran. Meth...

Unethical behavior within organizations is not rare. We investigate experimentally the role of status-seeking behavior in sabotage and cheating activities aiming at improving one’s performance ranking in a flat-wage environment. We find that average effort is higher when individuals are informed about their relative performance. However, ranking feedback also favors disreputable behavior. Some ...

In 1982, the Health Care Financing Administration approved funding for demonstration programs in six States to test a variety of alternative delivery strategies for Medicaid recipients. A number of innovative health service delivery features have been used in these programs, including competition, capitation, case management, and limitations on provider choice. These strategies have been tried ...

Parents' Evaluation of Developmental Status (PEDS) is the only evidence-based screen that elicits and addresses parents concerns: PEDS tells you when parents' concerns suggest problems requiring referral and which concerns are best responded to with advice or reassurance. PEDS also reduces 'oh by the way' concerns, focuses visits, ensures a 'teachable moment', and is known to improve attendance...

Restrictive eating attitudes and behaviors have been hypothesized to be related to processes of intrasexual competition. According to this perspective, within-sex competition for status serves the adaptive purpose of attracting mates. As such, status competition salience may lead to concerns of mating desirability. For heterosexual women and gay men, such concerns revolve around appearing youth...

different languages are classified in different types according to different elliptical positions in coordinate sentences. in the following, i shall briefly outline this typology and then show the status of persian in this hierarchy. moreover, i will demonstrate that two functional factors; ease of processing and temporal order, are in competition to specify the elliptical positions in these se...