We have developed a 3-dimensional computer simulation tool to study the characteristics of microstructure evolution in damascene interconnects. This tool is based on the Monte Carlo method, and the characteristics of the microstructure evolution have a significant impact on the interconnect reliability. Our simulation results show that it may not be possible to obtain a bamboo microstructure th...

motifs and mythical thoughts through human history go into a variety of formats to survive and are reconstructed, recreated and reproduced in ideas and different worlds. one of these realms and worlds is a mystical world. motifs and common points of the world of myth and mysticism in foundations of knowledge,interpretability, sacred time and space, symbolic language stem the possibility of conv...

The evolution of a neutron-star r-mode driven unstable by gravitational radiation is studied here using numerical solutions of the full nonlinear fluid equations. The dimensionless amplitude of the mode grows to order unity before strong shocks develop which quickly damp the mode. In this simulation the star loses about 40% of its initial angular momentum and 50% of its rotational kinetic energ...

the most important issues in epistemology, is non-cognitive factors influence the formation of knowledge which the impact of knowledge on the willingness would be very important. sadra for taking a look at the principality of existence and skepticism … unlike the predecessors has provided a detailed analysis of the proportion of willingness and knowledge. according to his viewpoint presence of ...

meaning of islamic unity in two internal & external levels of diplomatic idea of islam has superior place. present situation of world of islam and various devilish plots for provoking disputes and enmity among the muslims shows well the necessity of this issue. undoubtedly, the survey of valuable experience of leaders of islamic world unity at present age, especially survey of seyed jamal al-di...

As a general framework, UNITY does not offer any specific facility for the design of distributed systems. For such systems, distribution aspects must be represented at a low level, resulting into intricated models and proofs. To provide a more abstract view of distributed systems, we propose two extensions to UNITY. The first one is an observation relation which is integrated in UNITY semantics...

1. Let R be a ring with unity. An R-module M is said to be balanced or to have the double centralizer property, if the natural homomorphism from R to the double centralizer of M is surjective. If all left and right K-modules are balanced, R is called balanced. It is well known that every artinian uniserial ring is balanced. In [5], J. P. Jans conjectured that those were the only (artinian) bala...

the political and social system involved in the limbo between tradition and modernity of the qajar era caused widespread and quick developments in iranian culture, art, and architecture as well as a challenge between tradition and modernity. relatively numerous palaces built in this era were signs of greatness and distinction-seeking of the qajar kings and aristocrats, who embraced all transfor...