Coevolutionary arms races between species can favor exaggeration of traits for attack and defense, but relentless escalation of these arms races does not necessarily occur in all populations.

In 1972, Serre showed that the adelic Galois representation associated to a non-CM elliptic curve over a number field has open image in GL2(Ẑ). In [Gre10], Greicius develops necessary and sufficient criteria for determining when this representation is actually surjective and exhibits such an example. However, verifying these criteria turns out to be difficult in practice; Greicius describes tes...

This paper proposes a fuzzy logic approach to allow qualitative symptoms that have been generated from order of magnitude qualitative simulation to be utilised as a fault detecting diagnostic system. The symptoms are interpreted as fuzzy rules and this allows numerical observations to be used as input to the symptoms and a ranking of faults as the output. The rule based approach results in a co...

the development of ascites in hyperthyroid patients is a rare phenomenon and usually occurs in the context of exaggeration of right-sided heart failure , so it is categorized as high saag ascites. in this case report, we present a 73-year-old man who was referred to us with anorexia, severe weight loss, anemia, lower limbs pitting edema, and also exudative, low saag ascites. extensive work up r...