OBJECTIVE To assess duration of excessive crying and its relation to sleep and eating disturbances in a population sample of infants. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Random digit-dialing survey, enrolling birth cohorts between 1999 and 2003, in Germany. PARTICIPANTS Children aged 4 years and younger. MAIN EXPOSURES Excessive crying, retrospectively ascertained according to modifie...

Schizophrenia is a chronic and debilitating mental disorder. The persisting negative and cognitive symptoms that are unresponsive to pharmacotherapy reveal the impairment of neuroprotective aspects of schizophrenia. In this review, of the several neuroprotective factors, we mainly focused on neuroinflammation, neurogenesis, and oxidative stress. We conducted a narrative and selective review. Ne...

BACKGROUND An excessive leucocyte activation takes place early in severe acute pancreatitis. Furthermore, some indirect evidences suggest a disturbance of the mononuclear phagocytic system in the severe cases. AIMS To compare the early functionalism of leucocytes obtained from patients with mild disease and severe disease, under the hypothesis that an impaired phagocytic function could be ass...

Fetal testosterone significantly influences the brain development. It affects number of neurons and conformation of dendritic spines within the sexual dimorphic preoptic area in the hypothalamus. Excessive testosterone levels in utero possibly contribute to the masculinization of the brain. Evidences of these facts are plausible in the anatomic field as well as behavioral effects both in rat mo...

Although persistent drainage and hematoma formation are recognized risk factors for the development of periprosthetic infection, it is not known if excess anticoagulation is a predisposing factor. We conducted a 2 to 1 case-control study with 78 cases who underwent revision for septic failure. The controls underwent the same index procedure but did not develop consequent infection. Patient como...

Emotional overinvolvement (EOI) in parents’ Five Minute Speech Samples (FMSSs; Magaña-Amato, 1993) is thought to measure overconcern and enmeshment with one’s child. Although related to maladaptive outcomes in studies of adult children, FMSS EOI evidences varied relations with behavior problems in studies with young children. These mixed findings may indicate that certain FMSS EOI criteria refl...

The safety of fluoridated community water supplies for dialysate and long-term intermittent hemodialysis has been questioned since 1965 [1]. The only significant means of clearing fluoride from body fluids are renal excretion and incorporation into bone [2]. When dialysate is prepared with fluoridated water, fluoride ion moves along a concentration gradient from dialysate to blood [3, 4]. Becau...