This study is aimed at estimation of the exchange rate volatility and its impact on business cycle fluctuations in four central eastern European countries (the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania). Exchange estimated with EGARCH(1,1) model. It found that affected by components Index Economic Freedom from Heritage Foundation, besides inflation crisis developments. The empirical results usin...


 This paper examines the behavior of real exchange rate in Egypt over period 1965–2018 by attempting to pursue three interrelated purposes. The first is investigate extent deviations between actual and its equilibrium level illustrate magnitude any currency misalignments. second search for different phases over- undervaluation local explain accompanying economic policies and/or factors le...

This study examines the growth effects of real exchange rate (RER) misalignment and capital flight in Turkey during period 1981-2019. The World Bank’s residual method suggests that is a widespread problem Single Equation Approach adopted to delineate series RER identifies Turkey’s significantly misaligned throughout sample period. Their are then examined using autoregressive distributed lag (AR...

This article explores the robustness of Behavioural Equilibrium Exchange Rate models, employed to estimate real effective exchange rate misalignments, frequency underlying data. It compares misalignments stemming from an annual model, estimated since 1980, and a comparable quarterly 1999. The two sets estimates are similar. Moreover, in-sample power REER in explaining subsequent developments is...

in this paper, we will review the foreign exchange market and will try to extract an exchange market pressure and an intervention index for iran by following the weymark (1995) approach to evaluate the central bank of iran’s exchange rate policy during 1368:q1 to 1391:q3. the estimation method employed, is the econometric technique known in the literature as the two-stage least squares (2sls).t...

convertibility is an important factor in international trade where instruments valued in different currencies will be exchanged. convertibility can be either total manner or a partial manner. however, whatever the type of convertibility, there will be advantages and disadvantages to  the economy of a country of which has  made a convertibility of its national currency. convertibility was studie...