Herbivorous waterfowl populations have increasingly adapted to forage on agricultural land and triggered a parallel rise in damage crops. Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) is the most commonly reported crop damaged northern Europe, farmers demand management actions mitigate economic impacts. Here, we apply two approaches (exclosure experiments undisturbed fields yield assessments subject scaring...

We report long-term patterns of quaking aspen (Populus tremuloidesMichx.) recruitment for five ungulate exclosures in the northern ungulate winter range of Yellowstone National Park. Aspen recruitment was low (<3 aspen·ha−1·year−1) in the mid-1900s prior to exclosure constructiondue toherbivorybyRockyMountain elk (Cervus elaphus Linnaeus, 1758) but increasedmore than60-fold within 25 years afte...

Ungulates are leading drivers of plant communities worldwide, with impacts linked to animal density, disturbance and vegetation structure, and site productivity. Many ecosystems have more than one ungulate species; however, few studies have specifically examined the combined effects of two or more species on plant communities. We examined the extent to which two ungulate browsers (moose [Alces ...

Herbivores modify their environment by consuming plant biomass and redistributing materials across the landscape. While small mammalian herbivores, such as rodents, are typically inconspicuous, their impacts on plant community structure and chemistry can be large. We used a small mammal exclosure experiment to explore whether rodents in a southeastern old field directly altered the aboveground ...

The rangelands, as one of the largest dynamic biomes in the world,have very capabilities. Regulation of greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmosphere,particularly carbon dioxide as the main greenhouse gases, is one of these cases.The attention to rangeland, as cheep and reachable resources to sequestrate thecarbon dioxide, increases after the Industrial Revolution. Rangelands comprise thelarge par...

Subalpine rangeland as a rara avis ecosystem is very important because ofecological features. Consistency and resistance of this ecosystem is so frangible and itsnatural equilibrium is instable due to the effects of biotic and abiotic factors. The landslideas one of negative consequences in upland area is seen in Masoleh watershed (north ofIran). This study has investigated the roles of biotic ...

abstract over the last fifty years, most of the semi-arid rangeland in iran has been converted to cropland without an equivalent reduction in grazing animals. this shift has led to heavy grazing pressure on rangeland vegetation. the present study has been conducted in sisab research station in the north khorasan province to evaluate effects of long-term grazing exclosures on biodiversity of ran...